CHEN Jiuhong,MA Jianjiang,LI Yongfeng,et al.Effects of Herbage on Ecological Environment and Photosynthetic Characteristics Fruits Quality of ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’[J].Northern Horticulture,2019,43(22):49-59.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20191171]
行间生草对‘库尔勒香梨’果园小气候、光合特性及果实品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Herbage on Ecological Environment and Photosynthetic Characteristics Fruits Quality of ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’
- Keywords:
- inter-row grass covering; ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’; ecological environment; photosynthetic characteristics; fruits quality
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为研究行间生草栽培对‘库尔勒香梨’果园生态环境、光合特性及果实品质的影响，采用定位观测的方法，对不同生草处理‘库尔勒香梨’园小气候因子、光合特性及果实品质进行了测定与分析。结果表明：与清耕（对照）相比，在夏季5种生草处理均有降温效应，在秋季各生草处理均有增温效应，其中以白三叶降温和增温效果最佳；各生草处理均可增加空气相对湿度，其中白三叶增湿效果最好；各生草处理对不同深度土温有降温作用，随着土层的加深，降温效果逐渐减弱，且温度越高的月，生草处理的土层降温效果越明显；同时，各生草处理‘库尔勒香梨’叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）日变化均呈现“双峰”曲线的变化趋势，叶片蒸腾速率（Tr）日变化曲线呈现“单峰”曲线，叶片的胞间CO2浓度（Ci）呈现“W”型变化趋势，叶片瞬时水分利用率（WUE）基本呈现“W”型变化趋势。相关性分析结果表明，WUE与Pn日均值之间呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)，而WUE与Tr日均值之间呈显著负相关(P＜0.05)。灰色关联度分析结果表明，‘库尔勒香梨’园种植白三叶小气候综合效应优于自然生草。与清耕相比，自然生草显著增加了果实横径、可溶性糖含量，紫花苜蓿显著降低了可滴定酸的含量，黑麦草显著增加了单果质量、维生素 C 的含量，白三叶显著增加了红晕果率、可溶性固形物含量。各生草处理均显著增加了维生素C的含量，降低了可滴定酸的含量。因此，在省力化密植‘库尔勒香梨’园中可选择行间种植白三叶，在夏季有降温效应，在秋季有增温效应，对‘库尔勒香梨’的生长发育有益。
- Abstract:
- In order to analysis the effects of inter-row grass covering on ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’ for its orchard environment,photosynthetic characteristics and fruits quality,this research used the method of observation of fixed station.This method made measurement and analysis to microclimate factors,photosynthetic characteristics and fruits quality while the ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’ orchard was treated with different grass species inter-planting.The results showed that,compared to the clean tillage (CK),five grassing treatments have the effects of lowering temperature in summer,while increasing in autumn.Among the five,Trifolium repens L.had the best effects of changing temperature.Different grassing treatments all had the effects of increasing relative air humidity and the Trifolium repens L.still the best choice.Different grassing treatments had the lowering temperature effect on different depth of soil.The effect was weaken with the soil layer′s deepening.In a certain month,the higher temperature,the better soil cooling down effect.Meanwhile,the diurnal variation of the ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’ leaves net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) showed a ‘bimodal curve’ tendency with different grassing treatments,while the diurnal variation of leaves transpiration rate (Tr) showed a unimodal curve tendency,intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) showed a ‘W’ type tendency and the instant water use efficiency(WUE) showed a ‘W’ type tendency generally.The correlation analysis showed that,the daily mean value of WUE and Pn showed a significant positive correlation (P＜0.05) while WUE and Tr showed a significant negative correlation (P＜0.05).The grey correlative analysis has showed that use Trifolium repens L.in ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’ orchard will get a better comprehensive effect of microclimate than natural grassing.Compared to the clean tillage,natural grassing enhances the fruit diameter and determination of soluble sugar significantly,Medicago sativa L.decreased the content of titratable acid,Lolium perenne L.increased the single fruit weight and content of vitamin C and Trifolium repens L.increases the redness rate and soluble solids.Different grassing treatments could enhance the content of vitamin C and reduce the content of titratable acid.Therefor,in the dense planting ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’ orchard,we could use Trifolium repens L.to increase temperature in summer and reduce temperature in autumn,which is of advantage to the growth of ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：陈久红（1992-），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为果树栽培与生理。E-mail：1282431377@qq.com.责任作者：马建江（1964-），男，本科，研究员，现主要从事果树栽培与生理等研究工作。E-mail：1030889926@qq.com.基金项目：新疆生产建设兵团第二师铁门关市现代农业科技攻关与成果转化计划资助项目（2017NYGG05）；兵团科技支疆计划资助项目(2014AB003);新疆生产建设兵团中青年科技创新领军人才计划资助项目（2019CB032）。收稿日期：2019-05-06