[1]刘丽芝,赵盼婷,李倩,等.外源氨基酸对草莓生长及养分吸收的影响[J].北方园艺,2024,(5):30-38.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20233431]
　LIU Lizhi,ZHAO Panting,LI Qian,et al.Effects of Exogenous Amino Acids on Strawberry Growth and Nutrient Absorption[J].Northern Horticulture,2024,(5):30-38.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20233431]
点击复制

外源氨基酸对草莓生长及养分吸收的影响

《北方园艺》[ISSN:1001-0009/CN:23-1247/S] 卷: 期数: 2024年5 页码: 30-38 栏目: 出版日期: 2024-03-15
Title:
Effects of Exogenous Amino Acids on Strawberry Growth and Nutrient Absorption
文章编号:
1001-0009(2024)05-0030-09
作者:
刘丽芝; 赵盼婷; 李倩; 赵琪; 武敏; 李磊
（山西农业大学 园艺学院，山西 太原 030031）
Author(s):
LIU Lizhi; ZHAO Panting; LI Qian; ZHAO Qi; WU Min; LI Lei
(College of Horticulture，Shanxi Agricultural University，Taiyuan，Shanxi 030031)
关键词:
草莓; 化肥减施; 氨基酸水溶肥; 品质; 产量
Keywords:
strawberry; fertilizer reduction; amino acid water-soluble fertilizer; quality; production
分类号:
S 668.4
DOI:
10.11937/bfyy.20233431
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
以“红颜”草莓为试材，采用水肥一体化滴灌施肥的方法，研究了在农民常规管理（对照）的基础上，减少50%化肥施用量（优化施肥）并添加氨基酸水溶肥（氨基酸处理）对草莓植株生长、产量、品质及矿质养分吸收的影响，以期为氨基酸水溶肥在草莓生产中应用提供参考依据。结果表明：农民常规管理的草莓植株的株高、茎粗、冠幅、SPAD值和生物量均最高，与优化施肥相比，氨基酸处理以上指标分别增加1.61%、1.59%、4.37%、2.71%和6.84%。与对照相比，减施化肥产量均降低；但与优化施肥相比，增施氨基酸水溶肥产量显著提高15.95%。与对照相比，氨基酸处理N、P2O5、K2O化肥偏生产力分别显著增加41.52%、75.18%和44.65%。氨基酸处理果实纵径（4.67 cm）、单果质量（21.28 g）、还原糖含量（8.79 g·(100g)-1）、可溶性固形物含量（11.47%）和维生素C含量（64.38 mg·(100g)-1）均最高。与对照相比，优化施肥和氨基酸处理的果实总糖分别增加8.83%和22.28%，有机酸分别升高42.50%和40.00%，糖酸比分别下降21.12%和12.08%。氨基酸处理的草莓植株养分吸收通量N（2 419.39 mg·株-1·d-1）、P（127.37 mg·株-1·d-1、K（3 191.98 mg·株-1·d-1）均最大，与优化施肥相比，氨基酸处理的N、P、K吸收通量分别增加1.90%、9.56%和21.37%。综上所述，在农民常规管理施肥的基础上，大量减少化肥的施用量会降低草莓植株的营养生长、果实产量和品质，但在化肥减施基础上添加氨基酸水溶肥，能够提高草莓果实品质，并在一定程度上恢复产量，还可以促进草莓植株的生长势平衡及对矿质养分的吸收量。
Abstract:
‘Hongyan’ strawberry was used as the research material.The method of drip irrigation and fertilization with integrated water and fertilizer was adopted.The effects of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer by 50% (optimal fertilization) and adding amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (amino acid treatment) on the growth，yield，quality and mineral nutrient uptake of strawberry plants were studied on the basis of farmers′ conventional management (control),in order to provide reference for the application of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer in strawberry production.The results showed that strawberry plants conventionally managed by farmers had the highest plant height，stem thickness，crown width，SPAD value and biomass.Compared with the optimal fertilization，the above indexes of amino acid treatment increased by 1.61%，1.59%，4.37%，2.71% and 6.84% respectively.Compared with the control，the yield of reduced fertilizer application was reduced.However，compared with the optimized fertilization，the yield of water-soluble fertilizer with added amino acids was significantly increased by 15.95%.Compared with the control，the partial productivity of N，P2O5 and K2O fertilizers treated with amino acids increased significantly by 41.52%，75.18% and 44.65% respectively.The longitudinal diameter (4.67 cm)，single fruit weight (21.28 g)，reducing sugar content (8.79 g·(100g)-1)，soluble solids content (11.47%) and vitamin C content (64.38 mg·(100g)-1) of amino acid treatment were the highest.Compared with the control，the total sugar of fruits with optimized fertilization and amino acid treatment increased by 8.83% and 22.28%，organic acids increased by 42.50% and 40.00%，and the sugar-acid ratio decreased by 21.12% and 12.08% respectively.The nutrient uptake fluxes of strawberry plants N (2 419.39 mg·d-1 per plant)，P (127.37 mg·d-1 per plant) and K (3 191.98 mg·d-1 per plant) were the largest，and compared with optimized fertilization，the absorption fluxes of N，P and K of amino acid treatment increased by 1.90%，9.56% and 21.37% respectively.To sum up，on the basis of farmers′ routine management fertilization，a large reduction in the application of chemical fertilizer would reduce the vegetative growth，fruit yield and quality of strawberry plants，but adding amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on the basis of chemical fertilizer reduction could improve the quality of strawberry fruit，and restored the yield to a certain extent，and could also promote the growth balance of strawberry plants and the absorption of mineral nutrients.

参考文献/References:

［1］王学林,彭晓丹,韩秀君,等.氮肥用量对温室草莓生理特性的影响［J］.北方园艺,2014(9):182-185.［2］刘凯丽,郑洪健,徐晓东,等.肥料配施对草莓生长、果实品质及根际微生物群落的影响［J］.分子植物育种,2023(6):1-16.［3］雷菲,张冬明,吴宇佳,等.化肥减量配施有机肥对樱桃番茄产量、品质和微生物群落结构的影响［J］.江西农业大学学报,2021,43(6):1269-1277.［4］魏启舜,周影,王琳,等.不同肥料处理对草莓生长、产量和品质的影响［J］.江苏农业科学,2020,48(9):160-164.［5］刘炳福,王丹,孙家波,等.有机肥不同施用量对草莓品质和产量的影响［J］.黑龙江农业科学,2022(9):60-63,76.［6］王剑,郑锡良,戚行江,等.氨基酸水溶肥料对衰弱病杨梅营养生长和果实品质的改良作用［J］.浙江农业科学,2023,64(4):886-888.［7］周辉轩,张露,鲍荣粉,等.氨基酸水溶肥对桃幼苗生长的影响［J］.陕西农业科学,2023,69(2):92-96.［8］徐国益,贾凤芹,王平勇,等.不同浓度含氨基酸水溶肥对小果型西瓜根际土壤环境及果实品质的影响［J］.中国瓜菜,2022,35(3):36-42.［9］魏启舜,赵荷娟,郭成宝,等.羽毛生物降解氨基酸肥对草莓生长和果实品质的影响［J］.中国农学通报,2019,35(32):46-52.［10］李爽.叶面喷施含氨基酸水溶肥对草莓品质和产量的影响［J］.南方农业,2020,14(12):180-181.［11］李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术［M］.北京:高等教育出版社,2000.［12］鲍士旦.土壤农化分析［M］.3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000．［13］赵密珍.草莓种质资源描述规范和数据标准［M］.北京:中国农业出版社,2006.［14］郝玉波,李梁,于洋,等.增施秸秆有机肥及减施化肥对玉米产量形成和肥料偏生产力的影响［J］.黑龙江农业科学,2021(7):15-18.［15］KRUSE J,KOPRIVA S,HNSCH R,et al.Interaction of sulfur and nitrogen nutrition in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants:Significance of nitrogen source and root nitrate reductase［J］．Plant Biology,2007,9(5):638-646.［16］张雪艳,田蕾,高艳明,等.生物有机肥对黄瓜幼苗生长、基质环境以及幼苗根系特征的影响［J］.农业工程学报,2013,29(1):117-125.［17］赵建宁,左腾云,胡元盛.土壤肥料与我国粮食安全［J］.河北农业科学,2009,13(1):116-118.［18］李进,袁春新,孙正国,等.化肥减量配施生物有机肥对大棚连作草莓的影响［J］.中国果树,2022(11):12-16.［19］田雪莲.不同化肥减施处理对辣椒品质及经济效益的影响［J］.农技服务,2023,40(5):16-20.［20］董鹏荣,梁祎,韩敬旭,等.氮钾化肥减施和有机肥增施对番茄果实品质及矿质元素含量的影响［J］.中国土壤与肥料,2023(1):13-22.［21］刘娇妹,李腾腾,张运龙,等.短期化肥减施后玉米产量的响应及其驱动因素分析［J］.中国土壤与肥料,2022(4):66-73.［22］刘建业,黄依雯,李彦强,等.氨基酸水溶肥和缓控释肥配合施用在茄子上的应用效果初探［J］.上海农业科技,2020(5):129-131.［23］张宝帅,李建峰,李雪.施用含氨基酸水溶肥对草莓产量形成的影响［J］.新疆农业科技,2020(6):12-13.［24］刘庆叶,马明,张宗俊,等.化肥减施条件下土壤改良剂及氨基酸叶面肥对水果黄瓜生长和产量的影响［J］.长江蔬菜,2021(24):65-68.［25］黄忠阳,陈莉莉,李伟明,等.化肥减施条件下配施中微量元素肥及氨基酸叶面肥对甜瓜产量及品质的影响［J］.长江蔬菜,2020(2):21-23.［26］黄忠阳,刘庆叶,戎茸,等.化肥减施条件下中微量元素肥配施氨基酸水溶肥对西瓜生长和品质的影响［J］.长江蔬菜,2019(22):62-64.［27］王俊宇,尹蓉,张倩茹,等.16个草莓品种品系果实品质的多元分析与评价［J］.农学学报,2017,7(9):36-41.［28］姜莉莉,王开运,武玉国,等.含高效固氮解淀粉芽孢杆菌生物有机肥在草莓上的应用效果［J］.北方园艺,2018(20):7-12.［29］张娜.生物有机肥对苹果产量品质及化肥减施效果的影响［J］.农业科技与装备,2023(1):9-11,16.［30］陈棉.柑橘增施有机肥替代化肥试验［J］.农业技术与装备,2023(4):31-33.［31］黄兴成,李渝,杨胜玲,等.有机肥替代化肥对猕猴桃产量和品质的影响［J］.贵州农业科学,2020,48(11):27-29.［32］张筠筠,王竞,孙权,等.化肥减施对贺兰山东麓土壤肥力及酿酒葡萄品质的影响［J］.西南农业学报,2019,32(7):1601-1606.［33］宁志怨,钱小强,伊兴凯,等.氨基酸水溶肥对促进草莓产量、品质及生长特性的影响［J］.浙江农业科学,2020,61(12):2565-2567.［34］钟晓红,石雪晖,肖浪涛.色氨酸提高草莓果实品质和产量试验［J］.中国果树,2001(2):4-7.［35］谢荔,成学慧,冯新新,等.氨基酸肥料对‘夏黑’葡萄叶片光合特性与果实品质的影响［J］.南京农业大学学报,2013,36(2):31-37.［36］董胜旗,郭晓慧,王艳霞,等.施用氨基酸水溶肥和复合微生物菌剂对草莓生长与产量和品质的影响［J］.现代农业科技,2019(23):64-65.［37］胡新艳,王贵禧,梁丽松,等.不同肥料对冬枣果实品质发育的影响［J］.林业科学研究,2007,20(6):750-754.［38］郑寿龙.施用有机肥对柑橘产量、品质及养分吸收的影响［J］.安徽农学通报,2018,24(12):46-47.［39］胡海,吕世保,潘义宏,等.氨基酸水溶肥与烟草追肥配施对烤烟生长及烟叶产质量的影响［J］.贵州农业科学,2022,50(5):23-32.［40］吉玮蓉,张吉立,孙海人,等.不同施氮量对马铃薯养分吸收及产量和品质的影响［J］.湖北农业科学,2013,52(21):5158-5160,5166.［41］庞攀.氨基酸水溶肥对桃生长、养分吸收和果实品质的影响［D］.雅安:四川农业大学,2022.［42］陈明昌,程滨,张强,等.土施L-蛋氨酸、L-苯基丙氨酸、L-色氨酸对玉米生长和养分吸收的影响［J］.应用生态学报,2005,16(6):1033-1037.

相似文献/References:

[1]杨 爽,李海鹏,杨培鑑,等.微生物菌肥对草莓光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(11):165.
　YANG Shuang,LI Hai-peng,YANG Pei-jian,et al.Effect of Biofertilizer on Photosynthesis Characters of Strawberries[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(5):165.
[2]杨 爽,李海鹏,杨培鑑,等.不同草莓品种对白粉病的抗性调查[J].北方园艺,2014,38(10):104.
　YANG Shuang,LI Hai-peng,YANG Pei-jian,et al.Survey on the Resistance to the Powdery Mildew of Different Strawberries Cultivars[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(5):104.
[3]李 邵,田 婧,鲁少尉,等.设施草莓高架分层育苗系统育苗效果研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(14):41.
　LI Shao,TIAN Jing,LU Shao-wei,et al.Study on Nursery Effect of an Elevated and Layered Seedling Raising System for Greenhouse Strawberry[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(5):41.
[4]刘万达,张丙秀,魏媛媛,等.草莓DHAR基因密码子偏好性分析[J].北方园艺,2014,38(14):92.
　LIU Wan-da,ZHANG Bing-xiu,WEI Yuan-yuan,et al.Analysis of Codon Bias of DHAR Gene in Strawberry[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(5):92.
[5]梁新安,梁芳芳.高品质草莓日光温室栽培技术[J].北方园艺,2013,37(13):56.
　LIANG Xin-an,LIANG Fang-fang.High Quality Strawberry Cultivation Techniques in Solar Greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(5):56.
[6]李星月,刘奇志,李贺勤,等.大棚草莓棉蚜分布规律及其生态调控意义研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(02):124.
　LI Xing-yue,LIU Qi-zhi,LI He-qin,et al.Research on Spatial Distribution and Ecological Control of Aphis gossypii Glover in Greenhouse Strawberry[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(5):124.
[7]葛水莲,焦云红,陈建中,等.苦苣菜提取物在草莓采后保鲜中的应用研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(10):130.
　GE Shui-lian,JIAO Yun-hong,CHEN Jian-zhong,et al.Application of Extracts from Sonchus oleraceus on Preservation of Postharvested Strawberry[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(5):130.
[8]赵菊莲.丛枝菌根真菌诱导草莓枯萎病抗性机理研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(17):115.
　ZHAO Ju-lian.Study on Mechanism of Strawberry Fusarium Wilt Resistance Induced by Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungus[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(5):115.
[9]万 红,陶 磅,孔令明,等.草莓有机生态型盆栽基质研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(08):149.
　WAN Hong,TAO Pang,KONG Ling-ming,et al.Research on Substrate for Eco-organic Pot Culture of Strawberry[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(5):149.
[10]李建龙,王永和,成太祥,等.蚯蚓粪改良剂对草莓产量和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(06):163.
　LI Jian-long,WANG Yong-he,CHENG Tai-xiang,et al.Effect of Earthworm-cast Modifier on the Yield and Quality of Strawberry[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(5):163.

备注/Memo

第一作者简介：刘丽芝（1998-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为植物营养。E-mail：418374812@qq.com.责任作者：李磊（1973-），男，本科，研究员，硕士生导师，现主要从事植物营养与果树栽培等研究工作。E-mail：tfslilei@163.com.基金项目：山西省科技厅重点研发计划资助项目（201903D211011）；山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设资助项目（2023CYJSTX07-15）。收稿日期：2023-10-09

更新日期/Last Update: 2024-03-28