ZHANG Yuchong,HE Sibei,GAO Linghui,et al.Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Enzyme Activity and Soil Bacterial Community in Asparagus Cultivated Soil[J].Northern Horticulture,2019,43(12):83-91.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20190022]
生物有机肥对芦笋土壤酶活性及细菌群落的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Enzyme Activity and Soil Bacterial Community in Asparagus Cultivated Soil
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以芦笋种植土壤为试材，应用巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)、枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）、凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)和荧光假单孢菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens）等比混合的复合菌剂加入蚯蚓粪制备成生物有机肥，采用完全随机设计，探究了生物有机肥对土壤酶活性及土壤细菌群落结构的影响。试验设生物有机肥处理4个（A、B、C、D）、复合肥处理1个（E）、以不施肥为对照（CK）。结果表明：处理90 d施用生物有机肥对土壤酶活性影响明显，其中800 g?m-2生物有机肥处理土壤脲酶与纤维素酶活性较CK增幅最大，600 g?m-2生物有机肥处理蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性较CK增幅最大，同时发现PCR-DGGE结果中800 g?m-2生物有机肥处理在各阶段细菌多样性表现最好，其中90 d Shannon-Wiener指数相对CK和复合肥处理分别增加26.05%、93.87%，丰富度指数增加24.92%和56.99%。并发现施用生物有机肥后土壤中巨大芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的含量提高，抑制了有害细菌繁殖。90 d测定土壤肥力，指标显示600 g?m-2生物有机肥处理影响土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量最明显，分别比复合肥处理增加6.34%、37.31%、70.49%；而800 g?m-2生物有机肥处理影响土壤全磷、全钾、有机质含量最明显，分别比复合肥提高了1.43%、5.82%、18.82%。综上所述，施用生物有机肥能增加功能性有益细菌的含量，明显提高土壤细菌群落多样性与丰富度，从而提升土壤酶活性和土壤肥力。
- Abstract:
- Asparagus planting soil was the test material and the experiment was a completely randomized controlled study.We mixed 4 strains (Bacillus megaterium，Bacillus subtilis，Bacillus coagulans and Pseudomonas fluorescens) and wormcast to manufacture bio-organic fertilizer.The study investigated the effects of different bio-organic fertilization amount on soil fertility factors and soil bacterial community structure.The experiment consisted of 4 bio-organic fertilizer treatments (A，B，C，D)，1 compound fertilizer (E)，and no fertilization (CK).The results showed that the enzyme activities of urease and cellulase in the soil treated with 800 g?m-2 bio-organic fertilizer treatment for 90 days increased the most，the activity of sucrase and catalase increased the most in the 600 g?m-2 bio-organic fertilizer treatment and 800 g?m-2 bio-organic fertilizer treatment had the best bacterial diversity in all stages through the PCR-DGGE results.The Shannon-Wiener index increased by 26.05% and 93.87% with respect to CK and compound fertilizer treatment at 90 days，respectively.And the Margalef′s index increased by 24.92% and 56.99%，respectively.The Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis content increased and the harmful bacteria decreased after used bio-organic fertilizer.The soil fertility indicators showed that the 600 g?m-2 bio-organic fertilizer treatment significantly affected soil total nitrogen，available phosphorus and available potassium，which were 6.34%，37.31% and 70.49% higher than those of the compound fertilizer treatment，respectively.And the 800 g?m-2 treatment significantly affected soil total phosphorus，total potassium and organic matter，which were 1.43%，5.82% and 18.82% higher than those of the compound fertilizer treatment，respectively.Bio-organic fertilizer could increase the content of functionally beneficial bacteria，increase the diversity and richness of soil bacterial community，thus enhance soil enzyme activity and soil fertility.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：张宇冲（1991-），男，四川成都人，硕士研究生，现主要从事植物生态等研究工作。E-mail：13880850385@163.com.责任作者：何兵（1972-），男，四川西昌人，博士，副教授，现主要从事植物生理生态等研究工作。E-mail：yummy3000@163.com.基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(31670388)。收稿日期：2019-03-13