YU Gao,CHEN Fen,WANG Hai.Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Replacing Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients，Enzyme Activities and Production and Quality of Radix pseudostellariae[J].Northern Horticulture,2023,(14):79-86.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20224622]
有机肥替代化肥对土壤养分、酶活性及太子参产质量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Replacing Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients，Enzyme Activities and Production and Quality of Radix pseudostellariae
- Keywords:
- biological organic fertilizer; Radix pseudostellariae; yield; quality; nutrient
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以“施太1号”太子参为试材，采用大田试验方法，设置100% NPK化肥（T1）、70% NPK化肥+1 350 kg?hm-2生物有机肥（T2），50% NPK化肥+2 250 kg?hm-2生物有机肥（T3），30% NPK化肥+3 150 kg?hm-2生物有机肥（T4），单施4 500 kg?hm-2生物有机肥（T5）共5个施肥处理，研究了有机肥替代化肥不同比例对土壤有机质、养分、土壤酶活性和太子参产量及品质的影响，以期为太子参化肥科学减量、有机肥合理配施和贵州省中药材太子参产业高产高质提供参考依据。结果表明：随着有机肥替代化肥比例的不断提高，土壤有机质含量、有效磷含量以及土壤过氧化氢酶活性、蔗糖酶活性和脲酶活性均呈现不断升高的趋势，而土壤速效钾含量和土壤磷酸酶活性则呈现先增后减的趋势。T5处理土壤有机质和有效磷含量较其它处理分别提高17.13%~74.26%和16.69%~78.08%，且达到显著水平。T3处理太子参产量最高，显著高于其它处理；T3、T4、T5处理间太子参折干率和可溶性浸出物差异不显著，但显著高于T1、T2处理。总体来看，有机肥替代化肥能明显增加土壤中有机质含量，在一定程度上有效改善了土壤养分状况，刺激土壤酶活性的提高，促进太子参对土壤养分的吸收利用，利于太子参生长发育。综上，T3处理效果最佳，兼顾了土壤良好生化特性和太子参高产高质，并有效减少了化肥施用量。
- Abstract:
- Taking ‘Shitai No 1’ Radix pseudostellariae as the test material，a field test was conducted with five treatments，100% NPK chemical fertilizer (T1)，70% NPK chemical fertilizer+1 350 kg?hm-2 biological organic fertilizer (T2)，50% NPK chemical fertilizer+2 250 kg?hm-2 biological organic fertilizer (T3)，30% NPK chemical fertilizer+3 150 kg?hm-2 biological organic fertilizer (T4)，and 4 500 kg?hm-2 biological organic fertilizer (T5).The effects of different proportion of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on soil organic matter，nutrients，soil enzyme activities，and yield and quality of Radix pseudostellariae were studied,in order to provide reference for scientific reduction of chemical fertilizers，rational application of organic fertilizers，and the high yield and quality of the traditional Chinese medicine Radix pseudostellariae industry in Guizhou Province.The results showed that soil organic matter content，available phosphorus content，soil catalase activity，sucrase activity and urease activity showed a rising trend with the increasing proportion of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer，while soil available potassium content and phosphatase activity showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The contents of soil organic matter and available phosphorus in T5 treatment were 17.13%-74.26% and 16.69%-78.08% higher than those in other treatments，respectively，and reached a significant level.The yield of Radix pseudostellariae in T3 treatment was the highest，significantly higher than that in other treatments.There was no significant difference between T3，T4 and T5 treatments in drying rate and soluble extracts of Radix pseudostellariae，but they were significantly higher than T1 and T2 treatments.In general，organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer could significantly increase the content of soil organic matter，improve the soil nutrient status，stimulate soil enzyme activities，promote the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients by Radix pseudostellariae，and facilitate the growth and development of Radix pseudostellariae.In this experiment，the best treatment was T3，which gave consideration to good soil biochemical characteristics and high yield and quality of Radix pseudostellariae，and effectively reduced the amount of chemical fertilizer.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：余高（1988-），男，硕士，副教授，现主要从事土壤肥力改良与中药材栽培等研究工作。Email：httywwwyu1014@sina.com.责任作者：陈芬（1987-），女，博士，教授，现主要从事土壤肥力改良与中药材栽培等研究工作。Email：chenfen2018@126.com.基金项目：贵州省梵净山地区生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室资助项目（黔科合平台人才[2020]2003）；铜仁市科技支撑计划资助项目（铜市科研[2020]60号，铜市科研[2020]62号）；铜仁市产学研合作平台资助项目（铜市科研[2021]33号）；贵州省教育厅高等学校科学研究资助项目（青年项目）（黔教技[2022]353号）。收稿日期：2022-11-13