YANG Yubo,DONG Lingdi,JIAO Yonggang,et al.Effects of Different Substrates on Tomato Growth and Yield[J].Northern Horticulture,2022,(11):8-15.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20214825]
不同基质对番茄生长及其产量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Substrates on Tomato Growth and Yield
- Keywords:
- substrate cultivation; tomato; growth; yield
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以番茄“永美1号”“滟粉518”为试材，采用基质＋营养液栽培的方法，经2年重复试验，研究了不同基质蛭石、沙子、珍珠岩、棉籽皮＋营养液栽培对番茄生长指标、产量及品质相关指标以及根系的生长情况的影响，以期为筛选出适宜番茄生长的无机基质提供参考依据。结果表明：蛭石＋营养液栽培下的番茄长势、产量、品质及根系生长情况表现最好。在番茄整个生长期，无机基质蛭石栽培与珍珠岩栽培比较，其株高、茎粗分别提高8%、50%以上；单果质量、667 m2产量分别提高5.8%、9.2%以上；根体积、地下鲜质量、根干质量、单株根系活力均为最大值，分别提高51.0%、45.5%、157.4%、80.0%。果实品质检测结果表明，蛭石栽培与棉籽皮栽培和珍珠岩栽培相比，“永美1号”硝酸盐分别降低29.0%、12.1%；其与珍珠岩比，维生素C含量升高10%以上；且可溶性总糖、可溶性固形物均有增加。根体积、地下鲜质量和整株根系活力与667 m2产量关系密切，相关系数分别为0.87、0.84、0.66，整株根系活力与根干质量呈极显著正相关，R=0.98，与地下鲜质量呈显著正相关，R=0.89。
- Abstract:
- Tomato ‘Yongmei No.1’ and ‘Yanfen 518’ were used as test varieties.Substrate+nutrient solution cultivation method was carried out.After two years of repeated experiments,the effects of vermiculite,sand,perlite,cottonseed skin+nutrient solution cultivation on tomato growth indexes,yield and quality related indexes and root growth were studied,in order to provide reference for the screening of the inorganic matrix suitabled for tomato growth.The results showed that the growth,yield,quality and root growth of tomato cultivated with vermiculite+nutrient solution were the best.In the whole growth period of tomato,the plant height and stem diameter in vermiculite cultivation were increased by more than 8% and 50% respectively compared with perlite cultivation;the single fruit weight and yield per 667 m2 increased by more than 5.8% and 9.2% respectively.Root volume,underground fresh weight,root dry weight and root activity of per plant were the maximum,which increased by 51.0%,45.5%,157.4% and 80.0% respectively.The results of fruit quality test showed that vermiculite compared with cottonseed peel and perlite,the nitrate of ‘Yongmei 1’ decreased by 29.0% and 12.1% respectively；the vitamin C content increased by more than 10% compared with perlite,both the total soluble sugar and soluble solids increased.Moreover,root volume,underground fresh weight,and whole plant root activity were strongly correlated with yield per 667 m2,the correlation coefficients was 0.87,0.84,and 0.66,respectively.A highly significant positive correlation was observed between whole plant root activity and root dry weight,R=0.98,and a significant positive correlation was observed between whole plant root activity and the underground fresh weight,R=0.89.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：杨玉波（1987-），女，硕士，助理研究员，现主要从事设施蔬菜栽培技术等研究工作。E-mail：976477646@qq.com.责任作者：石琳琪（1962-），女，本科，研究员，现主要从事设施蔬菜栽培等研究工作。E-mail：shilinqi113@163.com.基金项目：河北省农业科技成果转化资助项目；河北省农林科学院科技创新专项资助项目（2022KJCXZX-JZS-7）；河北省农林科学院创新工程资助项目（2019-3-2）。收稿日期：2022-01-08