GONG Chenchen,HAN Guojun,GUO Yuanshang,et al.Effects of Biochar Root-staining and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen Supply and Utilization Rate[J].Northern Horticulture,2025,(9):104-114.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20244076]
生物炭蘸根与氮肥减施对土壤氮素供应量及利用率的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Biochar Root-staining and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen Supply and Utilization Rate
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2025)09-0104-09
- Keywords:
- biochar; stable production efficiency; effective nitrogen content; nitrogen use efficiency; pepper
- 分类号:
- S 641.3
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以制干红辣椒为试材,采用大田试验的方法,研究了不同生物炭蘸根减氮处理对土壤氮素供应量、土壤酶、辣椒生物量、产量及其氮肥利用率等的影响,以期为酒泉地区农田氮肥及生物炭科学施用策略的制定提供参考依据。结果表明:生物炭蘸根减氮处理F1B与CF处理相比土壤氮素供应量增幅最高,土壤全氮、硝态氮和铵态氮含量分别提升9.30%、15.81%和12.25%,有机碳含量提升了10.23%,pH下降了0.40%;生物炭蘸根减氮施肥对土壤酶活性影响显著,均随减氮比例的增加而降低,但F1B处理脲酶和蛋白酶活性相较CF处理却增长了10.13%和3.88%;随着减氮比例的增加辣椒生物量、产量显著降低,与常规施肥相比,减氮10%并使用生物炭蘸根措施,可使辣椒增产2.63%,而F2B、F3B和F4B处理的产量则降低了2.91%~10.56%;生物炭蘸根减施氮肥处理使氮肥偏生产力提高了2.46~5.21 kg·kg-1,而且F1B处理的氮肥利用率和氮肥农学效率均为最高,分别为35.85%和5.48 kg·kg-1。综上,生物炭蘸根搭配减氮10%施肥效果最佳,可以确保辣椒生育期的氮素供给,避免氮素的大量浪费,可以达到辣椒稳产及氮肥高效利用的目的。
- Abstract:
- Taking dried red pepper as test material,the effects of different biochar root nitrogen reduction treatments on soil nitrogen supply,soil enzyme,pepper biomass,yield and nitrogen use efficiency were studied by field experiment,in order to provide reference for the formulation of scientific application strategy of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar in Jiuquan area.The results showed that compared with CF treatment,the increase of soil nitrogen supply in F1B treatment was the highest.The contents of total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in soil increased by 9.30%,15.81% and 12.25%,respectively.The content of organic carbon increased by 10.23%,and the pH decreased by 0.40%.The effect of biochar and nitrogen reduction fertilization on soil enzyme activity was significant,which decreased with the increase of nitrogen reduction ratio,but the contents of urease and protease in F1B treatment increased by 10.13% and 3.88% compared with CF treatment.With the increase of nitrogen reduction ratio,the biomass and yield of pepper decreased significantly.Compared with conventional fertilization,the yield of pepper could be increased by 2.63% by reducing nitrogen by 10% and using biochar root treatment,while the yield of F2B,F3B and F4B treatments decreased by 2.91%-10.56%.The partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 2.46-5.21 kg·kg-1,and the nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of F1B treatment were the highest,which were 35.85% and 5.48 kg·kg-1,respectively.It can be seen that the effect of biochar root staining combined with 10% nitrogen reduction fertilization was the best,which can ensure the nitrogen supply during the growth period of pepper,avoid a large amount of nitrogen waste,and achieve the purpose of stable yield of pepper and efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizer.
参考文献/References:
[1]SHAH F,WU W.Soil and crop management strategies to ensure higher crop productivity within sustainable environments[J].Sustainability,2019,11(5):1485.[2]刘家友,杨国宝,王齐龙,等.减氮配施中微量元素肥对冬瓜产量和品质的影响[J].土壤,2023,55(1):30-36.[3]普布仓决,王金平,姚丽茹,等.减氮下不同肥料配施对麦玉复种体系作物氮素积累分配及产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2024,33(5):820-833.[4]佟容,王国臣,乔建磊,等.减氮施肥对菠菜生长发育及品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2021(14):59-64.[5]马若男,李强,周道玮.农田氮肥残留效应及其影响因素[J].土壤与作物,2024,13(2):201-214.[6]肖强,刘东生,刘建斌,等.减氮条件下配施控释尿素对冬小麦-夏玉米氮素利用及产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2023,38(2):160-169.[7]袁雷,杨涛,张国儒,等.辣椒果实中辣椒素的研究进展[J].中国瓜菜,2021,34(11):1-9.[8]田筱,张龙芬,王高飞,等.化肥减量配施生物炭对辣椒生长及养分吸收利用的影响[J].辣椒杂志,2022,20(1):12-17.[9]詹增意,郝丽伟,岳岐,等.施用生物炭对东北大豆草甸土理化性质及腐殖质组分的影响[J].生态学报,2024,44(17):7797-7806.[10]王庆阳,曹殿云,王迪,等.长期施用生物炭对棕壤养分及腐殖质组分的影响[J].中国农业科学,2024,57(13):2612-2622.[11]陈立天,刘玉学,何莉莉,等.水稻秸秆生物炭对南方稻田土壤的固碳减排效应[J].土壤通报,2024,55(3):686-694.[12]陈照明,王强,刘晓霞,等.15N示踪法研究生物炭施用对水稻-土壤系统氮肥去向的影响[J].水土保持学报,2022,36(2):331-336.[13]刘钰莹,张妍,汪哲远,等.硝化抑制剂与生物炭配施对水稻土氮素转化及氮肥利用率的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2021,47(2):223-232.[14]孙海军,吴思,萧洪东,等.化肥氮素减施条件下生物炭施用对冬瓜产量和品质及土壤氮素淋失的影响[J].土壤通报,2023,54(3):673-681.[15]程明琨,萧洪东,李学文,等.减氮条件下生物质炭施用对珠三角地区生菜产量、品质及土壤性质的影响[J].土壤,2023,55(1):37-44.[16]柳瑞,高阳,李恩琳,等.减氮配施生物炭对水稻生长发育、干物质积累及产量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2020,29(5):926-932.[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.[18]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.[19]高凤,杨凤军,吴瑕,等.施用生物炭对白菜根际土壤中有机质含量及酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2019,50(1):103-108.[20]常单娜,王慧,周国朋,等.赣北地区稻-稻-紫云英轮作体系减施化肥对水稻产量、氮素吸收及土壤供氮能力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2023,29(8):1449-1460.[21]彭卫福,吕伟生,黄山,等.土壤肥力对红壤性水稻土水稻产量和氮肥利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(18):3614-3624.[22]CHINTALA R,SCHUMACHER T E,MCDONALD L M,et al.Phosphorus sorption and availability from biochars and soil/biochar mixtures[J].CLEAN-Soil,Air,Water,2014,42(5):626-634.[23]吴强建,胡梦蝶,侯松峰,等.减氮配施生物炭基肥对蜜柚土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2022,56(5):732-741.[24]赵雅.不同处理水稻秸秆对滨海盐渍型水稻土供氮能力和酶活性的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2018.[25]李彦林,贺怀鹏,刘菁,等.不同根系分泌有机酸组分分析及其对土壤养分、酶活性的影响[J].北方园艺,2024(12):73-79.[26]罗雪梅,陈明媛,王宁宁,等.减氮及有机替代对新疆棉田土壤氮素有效性和利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2024,30(2):289-306.[27]邱悦,杨晓燕,李天胜,等.减氮配施缓释氮肥对棉田土壤酶活性和氮素吸收利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2022,36(3):294-302.[28]余众,刘圆圆,夏懿,等.接种丛枝菌根真菌配合氮肥减施对辣椒-大豆间作体系氮素吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2024,30(1):137-146.[29]张萌,魏全全,肖厚军,等.生物质炭对贵州黄壤朝天椒减氮的生物效应及氮肥利用率的影响[J].土壤学报,2019,56(5):1201-1209.[30]杨卫君,杨梅,郭颂,等.减氮配施生物炭对北疆小麦产量品质及固碳减排的影响[J].农业工程学报,2024,40(4):104-111.
相似文献/References:
[1]翁福军,卢树昌.生物炭在农业领域应用的研究进展与前景[J].北方园艺,2015,39(08):199.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201508052]
WENG Fu-jun,LU Shu-chang.Prospect and Research Advance in Biochar Application in Agricultural Fields[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(9):199.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201508052]
[2]姚俊卿,侯建伟,索全义,等.不同炭化条件对黑沙蒿生物炭保水性能的影响[J].北方园艺,2017,41(06):171.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201706040]
YAO Junqing,HOU Jianwei,SUO Quanyi,et al.Effect of Different Carbonization Conditions on Water Retention Properties of Black Artemisia ordosica Biochar[J].Northern Horticulture,2017,41(9):171.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201706040]
[3]朱奕豪,朱彦霖,曹兴,等.生物炭对百合生理特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2017,41(07):92.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201707021]
ZHU Yihao,ZHU Yanlin,CAO Xing,et al.Effects of Biomass Charcoal on Physiological Characteristics of Lily[J].Northern Horticulture,2017,41(9):92.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201707021]
[4]张清梅,刘金泉,李明,等.生物炭对黄瓜根际土壤养分和酶活性的影响[J].北方园艺,2017,41(19):131.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20170904]
ZHANG Qingmei,LIU Jinquan,LI Ming,et al.Effect of Biological Carbon on Soil Nutrient and Enzyme Activity of Facility Cucumber[J].Northern Horticulture,2017,41(9):131.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20170904]
[5]武春成,王彩云,曹霞,等.不同用量生物炭对连作土壤改良及黄瓜生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2017,41(19):150.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20170690]
WU Chuncheng,WANG Caiyun,CAO Xia,et al.Effects of Different Biochar Application Rate on Improvement of Continuous Cropping Soil and Cucumber Growth[J].Northern Horticulture,2017,41(9):150.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20170690]
[6]侯建伟,索全义,卢志宏,等.有机物料在生物炭改善沙土生物性质中的增效作用[J].北方园艺,2017,41(23):141.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20171877]
HOU Jianwei,SUO Quanyi,LU Zhihong,et al.Ameliorative Effects of Organic Material in Biochar Improving Biological Properties of Sandy Soil[J].Northern Horticulture,2017,41(9):141.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20171877]
[7]刘术均,刘爱群,惠成章.施用生物炭对土壤有机质及茄子根系特征和产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2018,42(01):72.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20173650]
LIU Shujun,LIU Aiqun,HUI Chengzhang.Effects of Biochar on Soil Organic Matter,Root Characteristics andYield of Eggplant[J].Northern Horticulture,2018,42(9):72.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20173650]
[8]朱彦霖,朱奕豪,张秀省.生物炭对百合生长发育的影响[J].北方园艺,2018,42(01):86.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20172033]
ZHU Yanlin,ZHU Yihao,ZHANG Xiusheng.Effects of Biochar on Growth Characteristics and Development of Lily[J].Northern Horticulture,2018,42(9):86.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20172033]
[9]叶利勇,吴琦,水徳聚,等.生物炭对铜胁迫下盘菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2018,42(08):59.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20180328]
YE Liyong,WU Qi,SHUI Deju,et al.Effects of Biochar on Seed Germination and Seedlings of Turnip Under Copper Stress[J].Northern Horticulture,2018,42(9):59.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20180328]
[10]赵淑文,李明,胡云.生物炭对设施无土基质栽培黄瓜根际土壤细菌群落的影响[J].北方园艺,2018,42(09):127.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20173931]
ZHAO Shuwen,LI Ming,HU Yun.Effects of Biochar on Facilities Soilless Culture Cucumber Rhizosphere Soil Bacterial Community[J].Northern Horticulture,2018,42(9):127.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20173931]
备注/Memo
第一作者简介:龚晨琛(1998-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤生态。E-mail:1318430455@qq.com.责任作者:韩国君(1977-),男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,现主要从事农业资源利用等研究工作。E-mail:hangj@gsau.edu.cn.基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(31960631)。收稿日期:2024-10-16