CHEN Xue,YAN Xuerong,LI Dongsheng,et al.Effects of Different Mulching Materials on Tree Growth and Soil Characteristics in Young Apple Orchards[J].Northern Horticulture,2021,(13):99-106.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20204587]
不同覆盖材料对幼龄苹果园树体生长与土壤特性的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Mulching Materials on Tree Growth and Soil Characteristics in Young Apple Orchards
- Keywords:
- apple orchards; ground coverage; weed control; soil nutrients; new shoot growth; leaf quality
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以京郊三年生“红富士”苹果为试材，采用树盘覆盖园艺地布、普通地膜和可降解地膜的方法，以清耕为对照（CK），研究不同地面覆盖材料对幼龄苹果园杂草控制、土壤养分含量及树体生长的影响，以期为山地果园地面管理提供参考依据。结果表明：与CK相比，地面覆盖显著降低杂草生物量，园艺地布、普通地膜和可降解地膜处理分别减低杂草鲜质量92.21%、84.00%和46.45%，园艺地布控草效果最好。长期表施肥料后进行地面覆盖，土壤养分含量下降。覆盖园艺地布、普通地膜和可降解地膜后，0~20 cm土层中土壤有机质含量较CK降低52.64%、5.08%和30.30%，有效磷含量较CK降低27.63%、35.07%和33.11%。园艺地布降低全氮含量，较CK降低48.28%，其余处理无显著影响。20~40 cm土层中，与CK相比，园艺地布和可降解地膜有机质含量分别降低25.34%和35.83%，全氮含量分别降低24.09%和54.74%，速效钾含量分别降低13.81%和15.23%，有效磷含量与CK差异不显著，普通地膜各种土壤养分含量与CK差异不显著。地面覆盖显著增加幼龄苹果树的新梢长度，提高新梢生长速度，园艺地布作用最明显，新梢生长速度较对照提高360.23%。与CK相比，3种覆盖材料均显著增加百叶鲜质量和含水量，园艺地布显著降低百叶干质量，较CK降低18.13%，其余处理与CK无显著差异。3种覆盖材料显著提高叶片氮、钾含量，对叶片磷含量影响不显著，园艺地布效果最明显。综合分析，幼龄苹果园树盘覆盖可有效控制杂草，改变土壤养分含量，促进树体生长及叶片质量提升。从促进果树生长的角度，园艺地布效果明显最好。
- Abstract:
- Taking 3-year-old ‘Red Fuji’ apples in the suburbs of Beijing as the experimental material,in-row mulching with horticultural fabric,polyethylene film and degradable plastic film,taking no-mulching as control treatment (CK),effects of different ground mulch materials on weeds control,soil nutrient content and tree growth in young apple orchards were studied.In order to provide a reference for the ground management of mountain orchards.The results showed that ground mulch significantly reduced weeds biomass compared with CK,in which horticultural fabric,polyethylene film and degradable plastic film reduced weeds fresh biomass by 92.21%,84.00% and 46.45%,respectively.The weeds control effectiveness of horticultural fabric was the best.After long-term surface application of fertilizers,ground mulch causes the soil nutrient content to significantly decrease compared with CK.The soil organic matter content in 0-20 cm soil due to the mulching with horticultural fabric,polyethylene film and degradable plastic filmwas reduced by 52.64%,5.08% and 30.29%,the available phosphorus by 27.63%,35.07% and 33.11%,respectively,compared with CK.Horticultural fabric mulch decreased 0-20 cm soil total nitrogen content by 48.28%,while others had no impact on it.In the 20-40 cm soil layer,compared with CK,mulching horticultural fabric and degradable plastic filmreduced the soil organic matter content by 25.34% and 35.83%,the total nitrogen content by 24.09% and 54.74%,and the available potassium content by 13.81% and 15.23% respectively,the available phosphorus content was not significantly different from CK,while those were not altered by polyethylene ground film.The ground mulch significantly increased new shoots length of young apple trees and promoted its growth,with the most effect of horticultural fabric which enhanced the growth rate of new shoots by 360.23% compared with CK.Compared with CK,three mulching significantly increased the fresh weight and water content of leaves,but horticultural fabric decreased hundred leaf dry weight by 18.13% and others had no effect.In addition,three mulching significantly increased nitrogen and potassium content of leaves,but those had no significant effect on phosphorus content of leaves.Among them,horticultural fabric mulching had the most effect on increasing mineral nutrient contentof leaves.In words,in-row mulching in young apple orchards was effective way to control weeds with the effects,causing changes in soil nutrient content,promoting tree growth and leaf quality improve.From the perspective of promoting fruit tree growth,effects of horticultural fabric is the most obvious among the three mulching materials.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：陈雪（1995-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为养分资源管理。E-mail:cxue365@163.com.责任作者：张朝春（1975-），男，博士，副教授，博士生导师，现主要从事养分资源管理等研究工作。E-mail:zhangcc@cau.edu.cn.基金项目：北京市农业科技基金资助项目（20190304）。收稿日期：2020-11-02