FAN Jian-qiong,WANG Yan-ping,HAN Ming-yu,et al.Effects of Soil Management Ways on Soil Organic Matters Content，Enzyme Activities and Microbes Number of the Apple Orchard[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(24):172-175.
土壤管理方式对苹果园土壤有机质含量和酶活性及微生物数量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Soil Management Ways on Soil Organic Matters Content，Enzyme Activities and Microbes Number of the Apple Orchard
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009（2013）24-0172-04
- 分类号:
- S 151.9
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 对中耕、深耕、免耕和种植三叶草等4种土壤管理方式下的苹果园土壤有机质含量、酶活性和微生物数量进行测定分析，以期明确不同土壤管理方式对苹果园土壤环境的影响。结果表明：中耕和深耕管理的土壤有机质含量均高于免耕；果园种植三叶草能显著提高土壤有机质含量，比免耕的土壤有机质含量高12.14%。土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶及过氧化氢酶活性和有机质含量由高到低依次为中耕园＞三叶草园＞深耕园＞免耕园，蔗糖酶活性的表现则与之相反，由高到低依次为免耕园＞深耕园＞三叶草园＞中耕园；土壤管理方式对细菌、真菌和放线菌数量的影响规律一致，数量由多到少依次为三叶草园＞免耕园＞中耕园＞深耕园；土壤酶活性和有机质含量密切相关，土壤中的微生物数量和植被种类密切相关；在果园中种植三叶草能提高土壤有机质含量、酶活性、微生物数量，可为苹果树生长发育创造良好的土壤生态环境。
- Abstract:
- In order to clarify the effects of different soil management ways on soil ecosystem environment of apple orchard，the soil organic matters，enzyme activities and microbes number under four kinds of soil management ways (inter-tillage，deep-tillage，no-tillage and shamrock-plant) were measured and analyzed.The results indicated that the organic matter content in the inter-tillage treatment and in the deep-tillage treatment were higher than in the no-tillage treatment.The soil organic matter content in the shamrock-plant treatment was 12.14% higher than in the no-tillage treatment.The soil urease，phosphatase and hydrogen peroxidase activities decreased from inter-tillage to shamrock-plant，deep-tillage，and no-tillage.The sucrase activity decreased from no-tillage to deep-tillage，shamrock-plant，and inter-tillage.The amounts of the bacteria，fungi and actinomycetes decreased from shamrock-plant to no-tillage，inter-tillage，and deep-tillage.The soil enzyme activity was closely interrelated to the soil organic matter content，whereas the soil microbe was closely interrelated to the vegetation.Planting shamrock increased the soil organic matter content，enzyme activity and microbe number of apple orchard，and create proper soil ecosystem environment for apple trees growth.
参考文献/References:
[1]田稼,孙超,杨明琰,等.黄土高原不同苹果园土壤酶、有机质、微生物及树体产量品质的调查研究[J].中国农业科技导报,2012,14(5):115-122.
[2]戴亮,崔俊涛.耕作方式对土壤微生物及土壤固碳能力影响的研究[J].科技信息,2012(9):189-190.
[3]张海林,秦耀东,朱文珊.耕作措施对土壤物理性状的影响[J].土壤,2003(2):140-143.
[4]张洁,丁志强,李俊红,等.坡耕地保护性耕作冬小麦增产机理的研究[J].土壤通报，2012,43(2):357-361.
[5]田秀平,陶永香,王立军,等.不同耕作处理对白浆土养分状况及农作物产量的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2002,14(3):9-11.
[6]丁昆仑，Hann M J.耕作措施对土壤特性及作物产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(3):28-31.
[7]韩宾,李增嘉,王芸,等.土壤耕作及秸秆还田对冬小麦生长状况及产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(2):48-52.
[8]李潮海,王小星,王群,等.不同质地土壤玉米根际生物活性研究[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(2):412-418.
[9]于群英.土壤磷酸酶活性及其影响因素研究[J].安徽技术师范学院学报,2001,15(4):5-8．
[10]郑秋颖,周连仁,赵红,等.坡耕地不同保护性耕作措施对土壤酶活性的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2012,43(5):122-125.
[11]Morris S.Soil organic matter-the next 75 years [J].Soil Science,1991,151(1)：41-81.
[12]夏燕飞,张文会,沈向，等.有机质对苹果园土壤改良及对果实产量品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2012(21):177-180.
[13]焦蕊,于丽辰,贺丽敏,等.土壤有机质对“红富士”苹果产量和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2011(14):25-26.
[14]张强,魏钦平,刘惠平，等.苹果园土壤养分与果实品质关系的多元分析及优化方案[J].中国农业科学，2011,44(8):1654-1661.
[15]窦云萍,牛锐敏,王春良,等.苹果园土壤养分状况对“红富士”苹果果实品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2012(22):162-164.
[16]石宗琳,王益权,张露,等.渭北果园土壤有机质及酶活性研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(4):86-91.
[17]曹慧,孙辉,杨浩,等.土壤酶活性及其对土壤质量的指示研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(1):105-109.
[18]和文祥,朱铭莪.陕西土壤脲酶活性与土壤肥力关系研究.土壤脲酶的动力学特征[J].土壤学报,1997,34(4)：392-397.
[19]王鑫,刘建新,张希彪,等.黄土高原半干旱地区土地利用变化对土壤养分、酶活性的影响研究[J].水土保持通报,2007，27(6):50-55.
[20]哈兹耶夫.土壤酶活性[M].郑洪元,周礼恺,译.北京:科学出版社,1982：1-5.
[21]陈华癸,樊庆笙.微生物学[M].北京:中国农业出版社，1979.
[22]周礼恺.土壤酶学[M].北京：科学出版社，1987.
[23]焦蕊,于丽辰,贺丽敏,等.土壤管理方式对苹果园土壤生物的影响[J].河北果树,2012(1):3-4,7.
相似文献/References:
[1]卢 培,郭兴科,李方方,等.保定地区苹果园夏季杂草种类及优势种群调查[J].北方园艺,2014,38(08):29.
LU Pei,GUO Xing-ke,LI Fang-fang,et al.Investigation of Weed Species and Dominant Population in Apple Orchard in Baoding Region[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(24):29.
[2]张永旺,张林森,胥生荣,等.灌水后覆膜对旱作苹果园土壤水分和树体生长及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(18):16.
ZHANG Yong-wang,ZHANG Lin-sen,XU Sheng-rong,et al.Effects of Plastic Film Mulching After Irrigation on Soil Moisture,Growth and Yield of Apple Trees in Orchard[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(24):16.
[3]陈杉艳,王蜀,邵抚民,等.矮化密植苹果园土壤养分对果实品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(23):161.
CHEN Shan-yan,WANG Shu,SHAO Fu-min,et al.Correlation Analysis Between Soil Nutrients and Fruit Qualities in Short-stalk Close Planting Apple Orchard[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(24):161.
[4]杨东生,石卓功,校彦赟,等.苹果和梨园生草对土壤肥力的影响[J].北方园艺,2015,39(03):147.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201503043]
YANG Dong-sheng,SHI Zhuo-gong,XIAO Yan-yun,et al.Effect of Mulching on Soil Fertility in Apple and Pear Orchard[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(24):147.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201503043]
[5]赵佐平.陕西苹果园土壤污染现状评估分析[J].北方园艺,2015,39(11):192.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201511048]
ZHAO Zuo-ping.Assessment of the Current Soil Pollution Situation in Apple Orchards of Shaanxi Province[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(24):192.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201511048]
[6]李 锋,等.苹果园植被多样性在果树害虫持续治理中的作用[J].北方园艺,2010,34(12):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.2010012066]
LI Feng,WANG Chun-liang,et al.Study on the Plant Diversity in Apple Orchards T oward Sustainable Pest Management[J].Northern Horticulture,2010,34(24):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.2010012066]
[7]王荣莉,王倩,曹欣冉.不同覆盖方式对土壤物理性状和苹果叶片的影响[J].北方园艺,2015,39(24):163.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201524044]
WANG Rongli,WANG Qian,CAO Xinran.Effect of Different Mulching Treatments on Soil Physical Characteristics and Leaves in Apple Orchard[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(24):163.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201524044]
[8]赵 爱 萍.庆阳市果园土壤养分动态变化及施肥措施[J].北方园艺,2008,32(05):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.200805022]
ZHAO Ai -ping.Dynamic C hange of Soil Nutrient and Fertilization Measure in Apple G arden of Qingyang City[J].Northern Horticulture,2008,32(24):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.200805022]
[9]李科,韩萍.不同土壤管理方式对苹果园土壤养分含量的影响[J].北方园艺,2016,40(20):178.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201620047]
LI Ke,HAN Ping.Effect of Different Soil Management Methods on Soil Nutrient Content in Apple Orchard[J].Northern Horticulture,2016,40(24):178.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201620047]
[10]李壮,张广才,安秀红,等.苹果园土壤有效氮近红外光谱PLS估测模型的构建[J].北方园艺,2018,42(03):113.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20170119]
LI Zhuang,ZHANG Guangcai,AN Xiuhong,et al.Estimation for Available Nitrogen Content of Apple Orchard Soil by Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares Regression[J].Northern Horticulture,2018,42(24):113.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20170119]
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：樊建琼(1988-)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为土壤水分与植物生长。E-mail：fan.jianqiong@163.com.
责任作者：王延平(1968-)，男，博士，副教授，现主要从事土壤水分与植物生长及旱作节水技术和区域综合治理等研究工作。E-mail：ylwangyp@163.com.
基金项目：农业部现代苹果产业技术体系资助项目（CARS-28）；陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划资助项目（2011KTZB02-02-05）；陕西省科技创新资助项目（2011NXC01-03）。
收稿日期：2013-09-09