WANG Nan,YAO Kai,LI Xingji,et al.Differences in Characteristics of Composting Composed of Different Spent Mushroom Substrates and Chicken Manure[J].Northern Horticulture,2017,41(09):143-148.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201709031]
不同种类食用菌菌糠与鸡粪堆腐的性状差异研究
- Title:
- Differences in Characteristics of Composting Composed of Different Spent Mushroom Substrates and Chicken Manure
- Keywords:
- spent mushroom substrates; chicken manure; composing; characteristics
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 菌糠是生产食用菌后的废弃栽培袋料，不同种类食用菌所采用的栽培袋料性状各异。该研究利用好氧堆腐方法，在温室环境下探讨了平菇菌糠（Ⅰ）和香菇菌糠（Ⅱ）分别与木耳菌糠、鸡粪间按照3∶4∶3（1）、2∶4∶4（2）和1∶4∶5（3）的质量比混合，在充分构建堆腐条件后，动态监测其在90 d腐解期间内含水率、pH、C/N、全磷含量、全钾含量以及发芽指数的变化，旨在为不同种类食用菌菌糠的资源化利用提供切实可行的堆腐配方。结果表明：1） 6个（Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2、Ⅰ-3、Ⅱ-1、Ⅱ-2、Ⅱ-3）处理在25 d撤水后转入温室环境，物料含水率均呈先增加后渐趋平稳的变化趋势，物料pH均能够在波动中有所上升，最终pH为7.5~9.0，6个处理C/N均随堆腐进行而呈递减规律；2）从堆腐后的物理性状来看，当平菇菌糠、木耳菌糠与鸡粪间以2∶4∶4的质量比混合时（Ⅰ-2、Ⅱ-2）更有利于物料颜色、气味、菌落生长及湿度状况向充分腐熟的方向转化；3）由平菇菌糠、木耳菌糠和鸡粪所组成的混料，其在堆腐期间均可使全磷及全钾含量先增加而后降低。当香菇菌糠、木耳菌糠与鸡粪间按照3∶4∶3、2∶4∶4或1∶4∶5配比混合后（Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2、Ⅰ-3），其在堆腐完成皆有助于全磷及全钾含量的提升；4）当平菇菌糠、木耳菌糠与鸡粪间质量比为3∶4∶3时（Ⅱ-1），历经90 d腐解仍无法保证堆料在生物学角度达到充分腐熟，相反，其余2个处理（Ⅱ-2、Ⅱ-3）则可有效推进堆料的腐熟进程。
- Abstract:
- Spent mushroom substrates were the discarded waste materials after the production of edible mushrooms.Different edible mushrooms need the different culture substrate recipes，which hold different characters.The aerobic composting method was utilized to explore the dynamic changes of pH value，C/N ratio，total P content，total K content and germination index of composting composed of spent mushroom substrates of Pleurotus ostreatus (Ⅰ) and Lentinula edodes (Ⅱ) respectively being blended with the Auricularia auricula-judae substrates and chicken manure，whose mass ratios were designed for 3∶4∶3(1)，2∶4∶4(2) and 1∶4∶5(3) in the period of 90 d under the condition of greenhouse in order to provide a more reasonable formula for dealing with the resources of spent mushroom substrates.The results showed that,1)given up the water supply，the six treatments that Ⅰ-1，Ⅰ-2，Ⅰ-3，Ⅱ-1，Ⅱ-2，Ⅱ-3 were transferred into the greenhouse，whose water content increased initially and then gradually changed to be a steady state.In the process，the pH values were enhanced significantly in spite of small fluctuations，and ultimately they were increased to the range of 7.5-9.0.In the process，the C/N ratios had a decreased trend with the composting；2) from the point of physical characteristics，when the mushroom substrates of Pleurotus ostreatus，Auricularia auricula-judae and chicken manure being blended according to the proportion of 2∶4∶4 (Ⅰ-2，Ⅱ-2)，their color，odor，colony growth and water content would have a better compost maturity；3) the composting composed of mushroom substrates of Pleurotus ostreatus，Auricularia auricula-judae and chicken manure，whose total P and total K contents were enhanced first and then reduced in the period of composting.However，the Lentinula edodes, Auricularia auricula-judae mushroom substrates were mixed by chicken manure according to the ratios of 3∶4∶3，2∶4∶4 and 1∶4∶5 (Ⅰ-1，Ⅰ-2，Ⅰ-3)，their total P and total K contents would be enhanced at the end of composing；4) When the ratio of Pleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia auricula-judae and chicken manure was 3∶4∶3 (Ⅱ-1)，the 90 days’ composting was still unable to ensure the maturity from the perspective of biology，on the contrary，the other two treatments (Ⅱ-2，Ⅱ-3) could effectively promote the maturity of compost.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：王楠（1982-），女，博士，讲师，现主要从事土壤肥力调控等研究工作。E-mail：wangnan664806@126.com.责任作者：王帅（1982-），男，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，现主要从事土壤生物及环境化学等研究工作。E-mail：wangshuai419@126.com.基金项目：吉林省科技厅优秀青年人才基金资助项目（20170520091JH）；吉林省教育厅“十三五”科学技术研究资助项目（吉教科合字[2016]第207号）；吉林农业科技学院重点学科培育资助项目（吉农院合字[2015]第X006号）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（41401251）；吉林农业科技学院博士启动基金资助项目（吉农院合字[2016]第B03号）；吉林农业科技学院青年基金资助项目（吉农院合字[2015]第206号）。