ZHOU Jing,SHI Xiangyuan,WANG Baoping,et al.Comparative Analysis of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Several Organic Materials and Market Sell Peat Substrate[J].Northern Horticulture,2016,40(05):186-190.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201605049]
几种有机物料与市售草炭基质理化性状比较分析
- Title:
- Comparative Analysis of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Several Organic Materials and Market Sell Peat Substrate
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以白灵菇渣、杏鲍菇菇渣、木耳渣、沼渣等有机物料为试材，通过模糊相似优先比方法，研究了不同物料理化性状、植物毒性与市售草炭育苗基质的差别。结果表明：各物料容重、总孔隙度均在适宜范围之内，白灵菇渣、杏鲍菇菇渣、木耳渣水气比显著高于市面出售的草炭育苗基质和沼渣，说明白灵菇渣、杏鲍菇菇渣、木耳渣这几种基质材料透气性好，但持水性、储水能力弱；白灵菇渣、杏鲍菇菇渣、木耳渣以及沼渣pH值均高于市售草炭育苗基质，杏鲍菇菇渣、沼渣偏碱性；白灵菇渣EC值为2.25 mS/cm，与市售草炭育苗基质的EC值差异不显著，其它物料EC值均显著高于市售草炭育苗基质，不宜单独作为栽培基质；用小白菜种子做发芽试验，白灵菇渣、杏鲍菇菇渣发芽率与市售草炭育苗基质接近，分别为80.00%、75.00%。白灵菇渣、杏鲍菇菇渣、木耳渣、沼渣都可以作为基质替代材料，但是不宜单独作为栽培基质，应该与其它栽培基质搭配使用，沼渣各性状指标与市售草炭基质最接近。该试验旨在为筛选适宜的有机基质材料及不同物料的合理配比提供可行的方案及理论支持。
- Abstract:
- Taking Bailing mushroom residue，Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue，fungus residue，biogas as materials，using the difference between the fuzzy similarity priority ratio method,the physical and chemical properties of different materials，plant toxicity were studied.The results showed that each material bulk density，total porosity were within the appropriate range.Bailing mushroom residue，Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue，fungus slag vapor ratio were significantly higher than the market sell peat substrate and biogas residue，Bailing mushroom residue，Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue，fungus slag had good permeability but their water holding capacity were weak；Bailing mushroom residue，Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue，fungus residue and biogas pH were higher than market sell peat substrate，Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue，biogas slightly alkaline；Bailing mushroom residue EC was 2.25 mS/cm，which was no significant difference to market sell peat substrate，other materials were significantly higher，these materials should not be used alone as a culture substrate；with cabbage seed germination test done，Bailing mushroom residue，Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue close to market sell peat substrate,germination rate were 80.00%，75.00%.Bailing mushroom residue，Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue，fungus residue，biogas could be used as an alternative matrix material，but should not be used alone as a growing substrate alonely，they should be used with other growing media.The characters of biogas residue was the most closed to the market sell peat substrate.Through experiment，the purpose was to select the suitable organic matrix material，and provide feasible scheme and theoretical support for reasonable proportion of material.
参考文献/References:
[1]李宝聚.蔬菜主要病害 2013 年发生概况及2014 年发生趋势[J].中国蔬菜,2014(2):5-8. [2]耿士均,刘刊,商海燕,等.园艺作物连作障碍的研究进展[J].北方园艺,2012(7):190-195. [3]郝永娟,刘春艳,王勇,等.设施蔬菜连作障碍的研究现状及综合调控[J].植物保护科学,2007,23(8):396-398. [4]晋建勇,孟宪民,刘静.欧洲园艺泥炭的开发与环境问题[J].腐植酸,2006(6):17-21. [5]郭世荣.固体栽培基质研究及开发现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(增):1-4. [6]AWANG Y,ISMAIL M.The growth and flowering of some annual ornamenal and coconut dust[J].Atal Hort,1997,450:31-38. [7]GRUDA N,SCHNITZLER W H.Suitability of wood fiber substrates for production of vegetable transplants Ⅱ:the effect of wood fiber substrates and their volume weights on the growth of tomato transplants[J].Scientia Horticultural,2004,100:333-340. [8]李谦盛,卜崇兴,张艳苓.菇渣发酵园艺基质的理化性状和应用效果[J].中国土壤与肥料,2006(5):56-58. [9]张云舒,张殿宇,徐万里,等.蘑菇渣复合基质特性及对番茄幼苗生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008(3):242-245. [10]张润花,段增强.草酰胺对菇渣混合基质理化性状和番茄幼苗生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(22):271-275. [11]胡清秀,张瑞颖.菌业循环模式促进农业废弃物资源的高效利用[J].中国农业资源与区划,2013,23(6):113-119. [12]胡清秀,曾希柏.食用菌与我国可持续农业发展[J].中国农业资源与区划,2000,21(2):19-22. [13]陈世昌,周士锋,徐明辉,等.促腐剂对菇渣发酵过程的影响及育苗基质优化研究[J].北方园艺,2011(17):177-180. [14]刘德源.沼渣沼液在双孢蘑菇生产中的应用[J].北方园艺,2010(20):171-173. [15]高红莉,郝民杰,赵风兰.沼肥对土壤和作物的影响研究现状[J].安徽农业科学，2009,37(30):14813-14815. [16]刘庆超,王奎玲,刘庆华,等.几种有机物料理化性状分析及与传统泥炭基质的比较[J].北方园艺,2007(7):37-39. [17]蒲胜海,冯广平,李磐,等.无土栽培基质理化性状测定办法及其应用研究[J].新疆农业科学,2012,49(2):267-272. [18]崔秀敏,王秀峰.蔬菜育苗基质及其研究进展[J].天津农业科学,2001,7(1):37-42. [19]袁巧霞,王秀娟,艾平.沼渣有机栽培基质理化特性及栽培效果试验研究[J].农机化研究,2008(3):157-161. [20]赵丽,周林爱,邱江平.沼渣基质理化性质及对无公害蔬菜营养成分的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2005(2):103-105. [21]董亮.栽培基质pH值的调节试验研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2005.
相似文献/References:
[1]刘红,朱咏莉,李萍萍.不同配比醋糟基质对矮牵牛生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(14):65.
LIU Hong,ZHU Yong-li,LI Ping-ping.Effect of Different Ratios of Vinegar Residue Substrates on Growth of Petunia hyhrida Vilm[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(05):65.
[2]史正军,范雅文.轻型屋顶绿化植物栽培基质配方筛选研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(14):73.
SHI Zheng-jun,FAN Ya-wen.Study on the Substrate Formulation Screening of Lightweight Roof Greening[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(05):73.
[3]梁悦萍,唐道城.栽培基质对郁金香鳞茎形态发育及还原糖含量的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(11):59.
LIANG Yue-ping,TANG Dao-cheng.Effects of Different Culture Substrates on Morphological Development and Reducing Sugar Content in Tulip Bulbs[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(05):59.
[4]许杰,林电,林建明.基质在热带兰栽培过程中的养分释放研究[J].北方园艺,2012,36(02):154.
XU Jie,LIN Dian,LIN Jian-ming.The Matrix’s Nutrient Release in Tropical Orchid Cultivation[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,36(05):154.
[5]高晔华,郭朋伟,高 日,等.黑果腺肋花楸组培苗生根培养及驯化的研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(09):105.
GAO Ye-hua,GUO Peng-wei,GAO Ri,et al.Study on Rooting and Acclimatization in the Process of Tissue Culture of Aronia melanocarpa [J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(05):105.
[6]李玉中,王 彤,滕 涛,等.平菇栽培基质中污染菌的分离及其对平菇菌丝生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(23):155.
LI Yu-zhong,WANG Tong,TENG Tao,et al.Separation of Contaminating Microorganism from Culture Medium of Pleurorus ostreatus and Its Effect on Hypha Growth of P.ostreatus[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(05):155.
[7]梁悦萍,唐道城.栽培基质对郁金香根系发育及养分吸收的影响[J].北方园艺,2012,36(24):59.
LIANG Yue-ping,TANG Dao-cheng.Effects of Different Culture Substrates on Root Growth and Nutrient Absorption of Tulipa gesneriana L[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,36(05):59.
[8]谢昕云,马中文,朱世东,等.屋顶绿化及其栽培基质的研究与展望[J].北方园艺,2012,36(13):191.
XIE Xin-yun,MA Zhong-wen,ZHU Shi-dong,et al.Green Roofs and Growing Media Selection for Plant[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,36(05):191.
[9]赵超,董然,顾德峰,等.对开蕨组培苗幼苗适宜栽培基质的筛选研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(19):103.
ZHAO Chao,DONG Ran,GU De-feng,et al.Study on Screening of Optimal Culture Substrate for Young Tissue Culture Seedlings of Phyllitis japonica[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(05):103.
[10]郭丽丽,王晓凌,刘改秀,等.适宜盆栽牡丹品种及栽培基质配比的筛选研究[J].北方园艺,2015,39(02):50.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201502015]
GUO Li-li,WANG Xiao-ling,LIU Gai-xiu,et al.Screening of Appropriate Potted Varieties and Cultivation Substrates Proportion of Paeonia suffruticosa[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(05):50.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201502015]
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：周静（1982-），女，甘肃酒泉人，硕士，助理研究员，现主要从事作物营养和设施栽培等研究工作。E-mail:zhoujingdeyi919@163.com.责任作者：史向远（1975-），男，山西山阴人，硕士，副研究员，现主要从事设施栽培与耕作等研究工作。基金项目：山西省科技攻关资助项目（20150313003-5）。