WANG Jing,ZHANG Xiao-yu,YANG Yang,et al.Comparative Study of Critical Temperature Suffering Frost of Floral Organs and Young Fruit of the Main Fruit Trees in Ningxia Province[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(07):9-13.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201507003]
宁夏主要果树花器官及幼果霜冻临界温度比较研究
- Title:
- Comparative Study of Critical Temperature Suffering Frost of Floral Organs and Young Fruit of the Main Fruit Trees in Ningxia Province
- Keywords:
- fruit tree; floral organs; young fruit; supercooling point; freezing point; cold resistance
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以宁夏主要果树苹果、梨、杏、李子不同花器官及幼果为试材，利用能够准确模拟霜冻降温过程的模拟霜箱，研究其花期及幼果期过冷却点和结冰点，比较不同果树及同一果树不同器官抗寒性及受霜冻的临界温度，为果园霜冻监测、预报预警及霜冻防御提供参考。结果表明：苹果、李子幼果的抗寒性明显差于花器官。苹果开花期各器官的抗寒性从强到弱为子房>花蕾；李子花器官（花蕾、子房）之间抗寒性差异不大，明显强于叶片和幼果；梨和杏各主要器官抗寒性从强到弱为花蕾>幼果>子房。宁夏苹果、梨、杏和李子蕾期和花期若遇低于-5.2℃的低温将可能全部受冻，幼果遇低于-4.4℃的低温，则幼果将全部受冻。3个品种的李子花器官抗寒性从强到弱为‘红美丽’>‘尤萨’>‘龙园秋李’；幼果抗寒性从强到弱为‘龙园秋李’>‘红美丽’>‘尤萨’。2个杏品种在花期‘金太阳’比‘李梅杏’的耐冻性强，幼果期‘金太阳’的耐冻性弱于‘李梅杏’。
- Abstract:
- The floral organs and young fruits of main fruit trees（apple，pear，apricot and plum）in Ningxia were used as test materials，and treated to comparative cold resistance and critical temperature suffering frost by finding out the super cooling point and freezing point using an artificial climate chamber.The objective of the study was to provide effective reference for frost forecast，monitoring，early-warming，as well as disaster prevention.The results showed that，for the apple and plum，the cold resistance of young fruit was weaker than the flower organs.The order of cold resistance of apple organs in bud stage full-bloom stage was ovary>flower bud.There was no significant difference between the floral organs(flower bud and overy) in plum about cold resistance，but floral organs were stronger than the leaf and young fruit.When in budding and flowering stage of apple，pear，apricot and plum met low temperature below -5.2℃，and young fruit met low temperature below -4.4℃，would suffer frost.The order of cold resistance of floral organs of plum was ‘Hongmeili’>‘Yousa’>‘Longyuan Qiuli’ and young fruit was ‘Longyuan Qiuli’>‘Hongmeili’>‘Yousa’.The order of cold resistance of young fruit of plum was ‘Longyuan Qiuli’>‘Hongmeili’>‘Yousa’.The order of cold resistance of floral organs in two culture apricot was ‘Jintaiyang’>‘Limeixing’ and young fruit was ‘Limeixing’>‘Jintaiyang’.
参考文献/References:
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：王静（1987-），女，宁夏平罗人，硕士，助理工程师，研究方向为农业气象灾害及气候变化对作物的影响。E-mail：wj1987.011@163.com. 责任作者：张晓煜（1968-)，男，博士，研究员，现主要从事农业气候〖JP4〗资源利用及农业气象灾害等研究工作。E-mail：zhang_xynet@163.com. 基金项目：公益性行业（气象）科研专项资助项目（GYHY201206023）。