LIU Xuning,WANG Xiukang,XING Yingying,et al.Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined With Organic Fertilizer on Apple Yield and Quality[J].Northern Horticulture,2025,(24):71-79.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20251668]
氮肥配施有机肥对苹果产量及品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined With Organic Fertilizer on Apple Yield and Quality
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2025)24-0071-09
- Keywords:
- apple; yield; quality; entropy weight TOPSIS method
- 分类号:
- S 661.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以富士苹果为试材，采用田间试验方法，设置3个氮肥水平（N1、N2、N3分别为0.50、0.75、1.50 kg·株-1）和3个有机肥替代比例（R0、R10、R20，分别为100%无机氮肥、10%有机氮肥+90%无机氮肥、20%有机氮肥+80%无机氮肥），设置CK1（不施化肥）、CK2（不施氮肥）共11种施肥处理,研究了不同氮肥水平与有机肥配施对苹果果实品质的影响，筛选出最优施肥处理，以期为生产应用提供参考依据。结果表明：不同施肥处理对果实产量、纵径、横径、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性总糖含量、维生素C含量、可滴定酸含量存在极显著影响，对果实单果质量存在显著影响；氮肥与有机肥交互作用对果实产量、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量的影响显著。其中N2R20处理的果实单果质量、纵径、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性总糖含量、维生素C含量均为最高，分别比CK1高出了46.15%、17.39%、93.03%、28.81%、30.82%，比CK2高出了33.32%、15.87%、89.58%、25.00%、31.60%；N2R10处理的果实产量、横径最高，分别比CK1高出了123.35%、11.86%，比CK2高出了80.94%、9.53%。通过熵权TOPSIS法对果实产量、单果质量等指标进行综合评价，N2R20处理为最优，在果园实际生产中无机氮肥为0.6 kg·株-1配施0.15 kg·株-1有机氮肥最为适宜。
- Abstract:
- Taking fuji apples as the test material and conducted field experiments method with three nitrogen fertilizer levels (N1，N2，N3，corresponding to 0.50 kg·plant-1，0.75 kg·plant-1，and 1.50 kg·plant-1) and three organic fertilizer substitution ratios (R0，R10，R20，corresponding to 100% inorganic nitrogen，10% organic nitrogen+90% inorganic nitrogen，and 20% organic nitrogen+80% inorganic nitrogen)，along with two controls CK1 (no chemical fertilizer) and CK2 (no nitrogen fertilizer)，for a total of 11 fertilization treatments were carried out.The effects of different nitrogen levels combined with organic fertilizer on apple fruit quality were studied，the optimal fertilization treatment was selected,in order to provide reference for production application.The results showed that different fertilization treatments had extremely significant effects on fruit yield，vertical and horizontal diameters，soluble solids content，soluble total sugar content，vitamin C，and titratable acid content，and significant effects on single fruit weight；the interaction between nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer had significant effects on fruit yield，soluble solids content，and vitamin C content.Among them，the N2R20 treatment had the highest fruit single weight，vertical diameter，soluble solids content，soluble total sugar content，and vitamin C content，which were 46.16%，17.39%，93.02%，28.81%，and 30.82% higher than CK1，and 33.32%，15.87%，89.58%，25.00%，and 31.60% higher than CK2.The N2R10 treatment had the highest fruit yield and horizontal diameter，which were 123.35% and 11.86% higher than CK1 and 80.94% and 9.53% higher than CK2，respectively.Comprehensive evaluation of fruit yield，single fruit weight，and other indicators using the entropy weight TOPSIS method indicated that the N2R20 treatment was the optimal one.In practical orchard production，applying 0.6 kg·plant-1 of inorganic nitrogen combined with 0.15 kg·plant-1 of organic nitrogen fertilizer is most suitable.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：刘栩柠（2001-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为农业生态学。E-mail：liuxiaoliu2023@163.com.责任作者：王秀康（1983-），男，博士，教授，现主要从事旱地水肥栽培理论与技术等研究工作。E-mail：wangxiukang@126.com.基金项目：中央地方科技发展专项指导基金资助项目（2024ZY-JCYJ-02-04）;黄土高原特色作物土壤质量评价与提质增效研究资助项目（24JP208）。收稿日期：2025-05-07