ZHENG Wende,WANG Xiaodong,MA Jiawei,et al.Nutrient Characteristics of Corn Straw Substrate Block Added With Biochar and Earthworm Cast and Changes in Cucumber Growth[J].Northern Horticulture,2020,44(15):96-102.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20201215]
生物炭与蚯蚓粪添加对玉米秸秆基质块养分特性和黄瓜生长变化的影响
- Title:
- Nutrient Characteristics of Corn Straw Substrate Block Added With Biochar and Earthworm Cast and Changes in Cucumber Growth
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以废弃玉米秸秆资源、玉米秸秆炭化后生物炭、以及蚯蚓粪为主要原料，采用原位堆肥方法，设置单一玉米秸秆基质块（对照S)、秸秆块+蚯蚓粪(SE)、秸秆块+生物炭(SB)、秸秆块+蚯蚓粪+生物炭(SEB)4个处理，分析生物炭与蚯蚓粪添加对玉米秸秆基质块养分和黄瓜植株生长影响。结果表明：相比S，SB和SEB显著增加黄瓜茎粗10.26%和11.71%，但SB有降低植株生物量累积的趋势，SEB生物量累积最高，并相对SB显著增加植株生物量累积。SE、SB、SEB处理持水孔隙度和容重均高于S，添加蚯蚓粪增加基质容重。SB相对SE和SEB显著增加了基质有机质、全钾养分和速效钾养分含量。相比S，SE和SEB显著降低基质全氮、速效氮和速效钾含量分别是57.71%、61.98%，47.29%、33.00%和68.51%、22.00%，增加基质pH，且SE促进基质速磷累积量。通过隶属函数分析表明，玉米秸秆基质块、复合添加蚯蚓粪和生物炭对促进黄瓜植株生长，改善基质物理特性，促进植株对基质养分吸收，增加黄瓜增产效果最显著。
- Abstract:
- Waste corn straw resources,biochar after corn straw carbonization,and earthworm cast were used as the main raw materials.Taking in-situ composting,the single corn straw matrix block was used as a control (S),with straw block+earthworm cast (SE),straw block+biochar (SB),straw block+earthworm cast+biochar (SEB).The effects of biochar and earthworm cast on the nutrients of corn straw matrix and the growth of cucumber plants were analyzed.The results showed that compared with S,SB and SEB significantly increased cucumber stem diameter by 10.26% and 11.71%,but SB had a tendency to reduce plant biomass accumulation,SEB biomass accumulation was the highest,and significantly increased plant biomass accumulation compared to SB.The water holding porosity and bulk density of SE,SB,and SEB treatments were higher than those of S,and the addition of earthworm cast increased the bulk density.Compared with SE and SEB,SB significantly increased the content of total organic matter(TOC),total potassium(TK),total nitrogen(TN) and available potassium(AK).Compared with S,SE and SEB significantly reduced matrix total nitrogen by 57.71% and 61.98%,available nitrogen by 47.29% and 30.00%,and available potassium by 68.57% and 20.00%,increasing substrate pH,and SE promoted substrate rapid phosphorus accumulation the amount.The analysis of membership function showed that SEB can promote the growth of cucumber plants,improve the physical properties of the substrate,promote the absorption of nutrients from the substrate,and increase the yield of cucumber.
参考文献/References:
[1]XIE J,YU J,CHEN B,et al.Facility cultivation systems “设施农业”：A Chinese model for the planet[J].Advances in Agronomy,2017,145：1-42.[2]梁玉芹,杨阳,刘云,等.无土基质材料对作物生长及病害防治的研究进展[J].华北农学报,2016,31(S1):421-425.[3]GAVILANES-TERAN I,JARA-SAMANIEGO J,IDROVO-NOVILO J,et al.Agroindustrial compost as a peat alternative in the horticultural industry of Ecuador[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,186：79-87.[4]石祖梁,贾涛,王亚静,等.我国农作物秸秆综合利用现状及焚烧碳排放估算[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(9):32-37.[5]JANCZAK D,MALINSKA K,CZEKALA W,et al.Biochar to reduce ammonia emissions in gaseous and liquid phase during composting of poultry manure with wheat straw[J].Waste Management,2017,66：36-45.[6]周美荣,孙振江,申晓强.蚯蚓粪的研究及应用[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(8)：921-924.[7]刘忠华,赵帅翔,刘会芳,等.蚯蚓粪复合基质对番茄穴盘育苗影响的试验研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019(4):208-212.[8]夏亚真,田利英,李胜利,等.生物炭对番茄幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2018(5):32-35.[9]武玉,徐刚,吕迎春,等.生物炭对土壤理化性质影响的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(1):68-79.[10]马全会,张娟,刘义飞,等.河沙、甘草渣混配基质理化性状及其对草莓生长的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2019,47(21):185-188.[11]张璐.园林绿化废弃物堆肥化的过程控制及其产品改良与应用研究[D].北京：北京林业大学,2015.[12]朱增勇.秸秆基质的腐熟及番茄黄瓜无土栽培效果的研究[D].泰安：山东农业大学,2002.[13]MERIC M K,TUZEL I H,TUZEL Y,et al.Effects of nutrition systems and irrigation programs on tomato in soilless culture[J].Agricultural Water Management,2011,99(1)：19-25.[14]王飞,王波,郁继华,等.基于隶属函数法的油麦菜栽培基质综合评价[J].西北农业学报,2020,29(1):117-126.[15]廖依丹.秸秆生物炭基质配比及栽培效应研究[D].衡阳：南华大学,2018.[16]路迎奇,杨丽娟,史津玮,等.蚓粪用量对温室番茄生长发育与产量和品质的调节[J].北方园艺,2019(6):77-82.[17]石慧芳.腐熟玉米秸秆基质与促生菌在无土栽培辣椒上的应用效果[D].郑州：河南农业大学,2010.[18]JAIN M S,PAUL S,KALAMDHAD A S.Utilization of biochar as an amendment during lignocellulose waste composting：Impact on composting physics and realization (probability) amongst physical properties[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2019,121：229-238.[19]李明,李忠佩,刘明,等.不同秸秆生物炭对红壤性水稻土养分及微生物群落结构的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(7):1361-1369.[20]GAO Y,YU H,LIU P,et al.Ending composting during the thermophilic phase improves cultivation substrate properties and increasing winter cucumber yield[J].Waste Management,2018,79：260-272.[21]宋志刚.不同作物秸秆用作番茄无土栽培基质的研究[D].北京：中国农业科学院,2013.[22]SALAAMANCA-JIMENEZ A,DOANE T A,HORWATH W R.Performance of coffee seedlings as affected by soil moisture and nitrogen application[J].Advances in Agronomy,2016,136：221-244.
相似文献/References:
[1]王小波,卢树昌,王瑞,等.蚯蚓粪与蛭石结合对设施菠菜生长和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(18):63.
WANG Xiao-bo,LU Shu-chang,WANG Rui,et al.Effect of Vermicompost and Vermiculite on the Growth and Quality of Spinach in Greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(15):63.
[2]高亚娟,徐福蕾,黄武建,等.粉煤灰-木薯渣-蚯蚓粪基质的栽培效果研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(23):165.
GAO Ya-juan,XU Fu-lei,HUANG Wu-jian,et al.Effect of Fly Ash-Cassava Dregs-Vermicompost Substrate Cultivation[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(15):165.
[3]张 俊 英,许 永 利,刘 志 强.蚯蚓粪缓解大棚黄瓜连作障碍的研究[J].北方园艺,2010,34(04):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201004020]
ZHANG Jun - ying,XU Yong - li,LIU Zhi - qiang.Study of the Alleviate of Earthworm Manure on Continuous Cropping Obstacle of Cucumber Growth in Plastic Greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2010,34(15):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201004020]
[4]程 世 平１,施 江１,史 国 安 １,等.不同配比蚯蚓粪对桂圆菊生长发育的影响[J].北方园艺,2010,34(17):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201017022]
,,et al.Ｄ ｉ ｆ ｆ ｅ ｒ ｅ ｎ ｔ Ｐ ｒ ｏ ｐ ｏ ｒ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ｏ ｆ Ｖ ｅ ｒ ｍ ｉ ｃ ｏ ｍ ｐ ｏ ｓ ｔ ｏ ｎ Ｇ ｒ ｏ ｗ ｔ ｈ ａ ｎ ｄ Ｄ ｅ ｖ ｅ ｌ ｏ ｐ ｍ ｅ ｎ ｔ ｏ ｆ Ｓ ｐ ｉ ｌ ａ ｎ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｓ ｏ ｌ ｅ ｒ ａ ｃ ｅ ａ[J].Northern Horticulture,2010,34(15):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201017022]
[5]宋 丽 芬,史 向 群.蚯 蚓 粪 育 苗 基 质 中 氮 肥 添 加 量 的 研 究[J].北方园艺,2011,35(19):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.2011019016]
.Ｅ ｆ ｆ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｓ ｏ ｆ Ｎ ｉ ｔ ｒ ｏ ｇ ｅ ｎ Ａ ｐ ｐ ｌ ｉ ｃ ａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ Ｒ ａ ｔ ｅ ｏ ｎ Ｔ ｏ ｍ ａ ｔ ｏ Ｐ ｌ ｕ ｇ Ｓ ｅ ｅ ｄ ｌ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｓ[J].Northern Horticulture,2011,35(15):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.2011019016]
[6]宋丽芬,李海青.蚯蚓粪基质在番茄穴盘育苗中的应用研究[J].北方园艺,2011,35(03):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201103008]
SONG Li-fen,LI Habqing.Application of Wormcast Substrate on Plug Seedlings of Tomato[J].Northern Horticulture,2011,35(15):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201103008]
[7]常 馨 方,郭 小 平,等.垃圾场边坡覆盖蚯蚓土对野花生长及光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2008,32(08):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.200808010]
CHANG Xin -fang,GUO Xiao -ping,DU Wen -li.Study on the Effects of G rowth and Variation of Photosynthetic Characteristic of Wildflower at Waste Sanitary Landfill Slope Covering Excrement of Earthworm[J].Northern Horticulture,2008,32(15):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.200808010]
[8]尚 庆 茂,张 志 刚.蚯蚓粪基质在辣椒穴盘育苗中的应用[J].北方园艺,2006,30(01):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.200601005]
SHANG Qingmao,ZHANG Zhigang.Application of Vermicompost Substrate in Raising Pepper Plug Seedlings[J].Northern Horticulture,2006,30(15):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.200601005]
[9]赵浩,乔侨,张瑞芳,等.蚯蚓粪代替草炭对油菜产量及品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2017,41(10):6.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201710002]
ZHAO Hao,QIAO Qiao,ZHANG Ruifang,et al.Effects of Replacement of Vermicompost to Turf on Production and Quality of Edible Rape[J].Northern Horticulture,2017,41(15):6.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201710002]
[10]郑世英,郑建峰,王宝泉,等.蚯蚓粪对草莓土壤肥力及产量和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2017,41(10):16.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201710004]
ZHENG Shiying,ZHENG Jianfeng,WANG Baoquan,et al.Effect of Vermicompost on Soil Fertility,Yield and Quality of Strawberry[J].Northern Horticulture,2017,41(15):16.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201710004]
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：郑文德（1995-），男，宁夏银川人，硕士研究生，研究方向为设施园艺栽培生理与生态。E-mail：zhengwendepd@163.com.责任作者：张雪艳（1981-），女，河北保定人，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，现主要从事设施蔬菜栽培与生理等研究工作。E-mail:zhangxueyan123@sina.com.基金项目：宁夏回族自治区重点研发资助项目(2019BEH03001,2018BFG02016,2018BBF02004)；宁夏回族自治区西部一流学科园艺学资助项目(NXYLXK2017B03)；宁夏回族自治区科技创新领军人才资助项目(KJT2017001)。收稿日期：2020-03-24