ZHANG Xiaomei,CHENG Liang,HAN Yong,et al.Effect of Five Different Intercropping Cultivations on Tillage Soil Environment of Cucumber[J].Northern Horticulture,2020,44(02):87-93.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20191991]
五种不同伴生栽培对黄瓜耕层土壤环境的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Five Different Intercropping Cultivations on Tillage Soil Environment of Cucumber
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以黄瓜（“津冬388”）、小麦（“青春38”）、箭舌豌豆（“陇箭1号”）、芹菜（“常丰四季秀美”小香芹）、蒜（“张掖白蒜”）、葱（“夏州一本”）为试材，采用田间试验的方法，研究了5种伴生栽培对黄瓜耕层土壤、耕层环境的影响，以期为缓解黄瓜连作障碍提供参考依据。结果表明：与单作相比，小麦、箭舌豌豆、芹菜、蒜、葱5种伴生栽培均可降低黄瓜耕层土壤容重、盐分含量、有效钾含量及土壤真菌的数量，可增加耕层土壤孔隙度、放线菌和芽孢杆菌的数量、转化酶及碱性磷酸酶的活性。伴生蒜和葱对降低土壤容重，增加土壤孔隙度效果优于其它伴生作物；伴生箭舌豌豆、蒜在提高耕层土壤有机质、土壤氮素、有效磷、有效钾含量的作用上优于其它3种伴生作物；伴生箭舌豌豆降低耕层土壤中盐分的效果优于其它伴生栽培；伴生箭舌豌豆减少土壤真菌数量，增加放线菌数量优于其它伴生作物，但土壤芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌的数量变化与单作黄瓜相比，均无显著变化；伴生箭舌豌豆显著提高黄瓜耕层土壤中转化酶和脲酶的活性；伴生蒜可明显增加碱性磷酸酶的活性。综上，伴生栽培改善了黄瓜土壤耕层环境，预防土壤连作障碍的发生。
- Abstract:
- Using cucumber(‘Jindong 388’)，wheat(‘Qingchun38’)，common vetch (‘Longjian 1’)，celery(‘Changfengsijixiumei’)，garlic(‘Zhangyebaisuan’)，and onion(‘Xiazhouyiben’) as research object，field experiment was conducted to study the effects of five associated cultivation crops on soil environments of cucumber production，which could provide information for alleviating the obstacles of continuous cropping of cucumber.The results showed that five associated crops both decrease soil bulk density，salt content，available potassium content，and number of soil fungi obviously，increase soil porosity，number of actinomycetes and bacillus，the activities of invertase，alkaline phosphatase compared with the monoculture.Associated garlic and onion had better impact of increasing soil bulk density and reducing soil porosity than other associated crops.The impact of improving the content of soil organic matter，available potassium，available phosphorus，alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen of associated common vetch and garlic was better than that of three other associated crops.Associated common vetch reduces soil salt content significantly compared with other associated crops.Associated common vetch had better impact of reducing fungi number and increasing actinomycetes number than other associated crops，not in number of Bacillus and Pseudomonas compared with monoculture.Invertase，urease，and phosphatase activity was significantly increased by the associated common vetch and garlic，respectively.So the associated cultivations could improve soil tillage environment in cucumber and then prevent the occurrence of soil continuous cropping obstacle.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：张晓梅（1979-），女，硕士，高级农艺师，现主要从事蔬菜栽培及育种等研究工作。E-mail：277692332@qq.com.责任作者：程亮（1978-），男，硕士，副研究员，现主要从事土壤微生物等研究工作。E-mail：liangcheng1979@163.com.基金项目：青海省基础研究计划资助项目（2017-ZJ-745）。收稿日期：2019-08-01