ZHANG Aihua,YAO Danjun,ZHANG Yuting,et al.Effects of Green Manure on Soil Physical Properties，Yield of Kiwifruit in Orchard[J].Northern Horticulture,2022,(01):86-93.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20212984]
猕猴桃园绿肥对土壤物理性质、猕猴桃产量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Green Manure on Soil Physical Properties，Yield of Kiwifruit in Orchard
- Keywords:
- green manure yield; phenological period; soil physical properties; kiwifruit yield; kiwifruit traits
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以豆科、禾本科、十字花科绿肥为试材，在猕猴桃园林下种植，研究猕猴桃园林下绿肥物候期、杂草抑制率、土壤物理性质、绿肥产量、猕猴桃产量和猕猴桃果实性状等，以期达到增加猕猴桃产量，改善猕猴桃果实性状和改良土壤物理性质的目的。结果表明：除三叶草外其它绿肥生长时间为256~273 d，全苗期至初花期时间为125~194 d，三叶草用时最长，肥田萝卜用时最短，其它处理时间相近为137~144 d；土壤湿度随着时间推移不生草处理变化而变化；土壤5、10、15、20、25 cm深度温度趋势随着不生草处理变化而变化，每层土壤变化趋势相似；相对于不种植绿肥和自然生草，猕猴桃园种植绿肥后土壤容重和比重最高降低了10.32%和6.07%，孔隙度最高增加14.10%；绿肥667 m2产量最高为3 825.56 kg，相对于A2处理增产267.84%，猕猴桃产量A4最高为627.76 kg，增产20.61%；果实产量与单果质量（0.972**）、横径（0.825**）、果形指数（0.566**）呈显著正相关；果园内杂草抑制率随着时间推移呈先增加后降低的趋势，绿肥产量与土壤容重（-0.665**）和孔隙度(-0.472**)呈极显著负相关，孔隙度与容重（0.704**）呈极显著正相关。综上所述,猕猴桃园内种植绿肥对土壤有控温控湿效果，能够有效改善土壤物理性质，抑制杂草，增加猕猴桃产量，改善猕猴桃果实性状。
- Abstract:
- Taking the Leguminosae，Gramineae，Cruciferae green manure as materials，under the kiwifruit orchard planting，the kiwifruit orchard green manure under the phenophase，weed inhibition rate，soil physical properties，green manure and kiwifruit yield，kiwifruit characters，etc. were reasearched，in order to increase the output of kiwifruit，improve the purpose of the kiwifruit characters and improve soil physical properties.The results showed that,except Trifolium repens L.，the growth time of other green fertilizers was 256-273 days，the whole seedling stage to the first flowering stage was 125-194 days，clover had the longest time，radish had the shortest growth time，other treatment time was about 137-144 days.Soil moisture changed with the change of grass-free treatment over time.Soil temperature at 5，10，15，20 cm and 25 cm depth changed with the change of grass-freetreatment,and the change trend of each layer was similar.Compared with no grass and natural grass，the soil bulk density and specific gravity decreased by 10.32% and 6.07%，the porosity increased by 14.10%.The highest yield per 667 m2 of green manure was 3 825.56 kg，which increased by 267.84% compared with A2，and the highest yield of A4 was 627.76 kg，which increased by 20.61%.Kiwifruit yield was significant positively correlated with single fruit weight (0.972**)，transverse diameter (0.825**) and shape index (0.566**).The weed inhibition first increased,then decreased over time，and the yield of green manure was extremely negatively correlated with soil bulk density (-0.665**) and porosity (-0.472**).Porosity was extremely significant correlated with bulk density (0.704**).To sum up，kiwifruit orchard planting green manure on soil temperature and humidity control effect，can effectively improve the physical properties of soil，can inhibit weeds，increase kiwifruit yield，improve kiwifruit traits.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：张爱华（1990-），女，硕士，助理研究员，现主要从事植物营养学与环境生态等研究工作。E-mail：zah818212@126.com.责任作者：张钦(1988-)，女，硕士，助理研究员，现主要从事土壤、生态农业与农学等研究工作。E-mail：1687947879@qq.com.基金项目：贵州省农业科学院青年基金资助项目(黔农科院青年基金[2018]95号)；国家绿肥产业技术体系资助项目(CAＲS-22)。收稿日期：2021-07-15