LUO Qin,CHEN Zhu-jun,LEI Jin-fan,et al.Effects of Reducing Water and Fertilizer on Yield,Quality of Mini-watermelon and Soil Moisture in Solar Greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(09):48-53.
水肥减量对日光温室小型西瓜产量品质及土壤水分状况的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Reducing Water and Fertilizer on Yield,Quality of Mini-watermelon and Soil Moisture in Solar Greenhouse
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009（2014）09-0048-06
- 分类号:
- S 651
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以温室土壤水分为研究对象，以“千鼎一号”小型西瓜为试材，采用张力计连续监测在3种不同水肥处理（常规水肥、水肥减量20%及40%）下0~20 cm和20~50 cm温室土壤水分动态变化，及其对小型西瓜养分吸收、产量、品质及灌水利用率等的影响。结果表明：温室小型西瓜整个生育期不同处理土壤水分供应充足，0~50 cm土壤相对含水率均在70%以上，常规和减量20%处理灌水后0~20 cm和20~50 cm土壤水分均达到或超过田间持水量，说明当地生产中存在植苗和苗期灌水量普遍偏高问题；水肥减量40%的处理灌溉量与土壤有效贮水量损失接近，其灌溉量为西瓜冠层水面蒸发量的41%；随水肥减量小型西瓜养分携出量无差异，产量有增加趋势，水肥减量40%显著提高了西瓜可溶性糖含量，灌水利用率从常规处理的59.8 kg/m3提高到82.8 kg/m3;依据该试验制定的当地温室早春茬小型西瓜生育期适宜灌溉定额为570 m3/hm2。
- Abstract:
- With soil moistune in solar greenhouse as research object,with ‘Qianding No.1’ mini-watermelon as material,a field trial was conducted,the effects of different water and fertilizer treatments (CK,Conventional treatment,and two water and fertilizer saving treatments,i.e.,reducing 20% and 40% of water and fertilizer rates in comparison with CK) on nutrient absorption,yield,quality of early spring mini-watermelon,and continuously moisture dynamic changes in 0~20 cm and 20~50 cm soil layers were monitored by tension meter at a solar greenhouse in Yangling,Shaanxi were studied.The results showed that the soil relative water content was above 70% in 0~50 cm soil layer in the different treatments throughout the whole growing period of mini-watermelon,indicating the water supply was adequate.The soil water content in 0~20 cm and 20~50 cm soil layer of conventional and 20% water and fertilizer saving treatments reached or exceeded field capacity in transplanting and seedling stages,indicating the excessive irrigation problems.The irrigation amount of 40% water and fertilizer saving treatment was close to soil available water-storage loss,which was 41% canopy water evaporation of mini-watermelon.Compared to the conventional irrigation,reducing the water and ertilizer rates did not decreased significantly the nutrient uptakes of mini-watermelon among the different treatments,however,it increased the yield of mini-watermelon.40% water and fertilizer saving treatment increased the soluble sugar content of mini-watermelon,and the irrigation use efficiency increased from 59.8 kg/m3 to 82.8 kg/m3.The appropriate irrigation quota was 570 m3/hm2 for the local spring mini-watermelon according to this experiment.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：罗勤（1989-），女，新疆塔城人，硕士研究生，研究方向为设施栽培水肥调控技术。E-mail：luoqin153@163.com.