GU Duanyin,JIAO Juan,LIU Zhongliang,et al.Effects of Reduced Chemical Fertilization and Organic Fertilizer Supplement on Growth and Quality of Early-spring Watermelon in Large Arch Shed[J].Northern Horticulture,2019,43(23):48-56.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20190573]
减施化肥配施有机肥对大拱棚早春西瓜生长及品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Reduced Chemical Fertilization and Organic Fertilizer Supplement on Growth and Quality of Early-spring Watermelon in Large Arch Shed
- Keywords:
- reduced chemical fertilization; organic fertilizer supplement; large arch shed; watermelon; physiological characteristics; yield; quality
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以大拱棚早春西瓜为试材,采用田间小区试验方式,设置常量施肥处理(T1)、减量施肥下配施不同种类及用量有机肥(T2~T4)、优化施肥下配施不同种类及用量有机肥(T5~T8)等处理,研究了不同施肥处理对大拱棚早春西瓜生长、叶片及根系生理特性及产量、品质的影响,以期在应用不同种类及用量的有机肥替代化肥技术奠定理论基础。结果表明:与常量施肥T1(每667 m2施入化肥N为15 kg,P2O5为15 kg,K2O为15 kg)相比,化肥减施(每667 m2施入化肥N为10 kg,P2O5为10 kg,K2O为10 kg)配施有机肥(稻壳粪、鸡粪、稻壳粪+鸡粪)T2~T4处理促进了西瓜主蔓的伸长,增加了叶绿素a含量。与T1、T5纯化肥处理相比,配施有机肥的各处理显著提高了根系活力。与T1相比,T2、T3处理的西瓜产量有所提高,但未达显著水平,而优化施肥(每667 m2施入化肥N为7.64 kg,P2O5为5.11 kg,K2O为8.48 kg)T5及配施有机肥(稻壳粪、鸡粪、稻壳粪+鸡粪)的T6~T8处理产量呈降低趋势。与纯化肥处理T1、T5相比,减施化肥配施有机肥同时增加了中心、边际可溶性固形物质量分数,增施有机肥促进了有机酸的形成。优化施肥各处理的糖酸比均处于相对较高的水平。与纯化肥处理T1、T5相比,增施有机肥提高了西瓜果实中的可溶性蛋白质、番茄红素、瓜氨酸含量,降低了西瓜果实中的硝酸盐含量。综上,当化肥氮磷钾减量33.3%同时配施一定量的稻壳粪及鸡粪,产量虽未显著增加,但西瓜植株干物质积累增加,西瓜风味品质改善;当化肥氮减量49.1%、磷减量65.9%、钾减量43.5%及配施一定量的稻壳粪及鸡粪时,产量降低显著,但西瓜硝酸盐含量显著降低。
- Abstract:
- The early spring watermelon growed in large arch shed was used as the test material in the field plot test,the experiment was carried out with the farmer′s normal fertilization treatment (T1),the different types and amounts of organic fertilizer (T2-T4) under the reduced fertilization,and the different types and dosages under the optimized fertilization (T5-T8) treatment of organic fertilizer to study the effects of different fertilization combinations on the growth,leaf and root physiological characteristics,yield and quality of early spring watermelon in large arch shed,in order to lay a theoretical foundation for the application of different types and amounts of organic fertilizer to replace fertilizer technology.The results showed that,compared with the constant fertilization T1 (chemical nutrients,15 kg N,15 kg P2O5,15 kg K2O)?(667m2)-1,the fertilization was reduced (chemical nutrients,10 kg N,10 kg P2O5,10 kg K2O)?(667m2)-1 with organic fertilizer (rice-hull manure,chicken manure,rice-hull manure+chicken manure) T2-T4 treatment promoted the elongation of watermelon main vine,increased content of chlorophyll a.Compared with the T1 and T5 (purified fertilizer treatments),the treatments with organic fertilizer significantly increased the root activity.Compared with T1,the yield of watermelon treated with T2 and T3 were improved,but it did not reach a significant level,and the optimized fertilization (chemical nutrients per 667 m2,7.64 kg N,5.11 kg P2O5,8.48 kg K2O) T5 and T6-T8 (rice-hull manure,chicken manure,rice-hull manure+chicken manure) decreased.Compared with the T1 and T5 with purified fertilizer,the reduction of chemical fertilizers combined with organic fertilizer increased the mass fraction of central and marginal soluble solids,and the application of organic fertilizer promoted the formation of organic acids.The ratio of sugar to acid in each treatment of optimized fertilization was at a relatively high level.Compared with the treatment of purified fertilizer,T1 and T5,the application of organic fertilizer increased the content of soluble protein,lycopene and citrulline in watermelon fruit,and decreased the content of nitrate in watermelon fruit.In summary,when the NPK reduction of chemical fertilizers was 33.3% and a certain amount of rice-hull manure and chicken manure were applied,the yield showed no increase significantly,but the dry matter accumulation of watermelon plants increased,and the flavor quality of watermelon improved.When the fertilizer nitrogen reduced 49.1%,the phosphorus 65.9% and the potassium 43.5%,and the amount of rice-hull manure and chicken manure was applied,the yield decreased significantly,but the nitrate content of watermelon decreased significantly.
参考文献/References:
[1]中国农业年鉴编辑委员会.中国农业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016.[2]陈晨,焦妍妍,郑祖华,等.西瓜甜瓜矿质营养研究进展[J].中国蔬菜,2017(1):19-26.[3]焦自高,王崇启,董玉梅,等.山东省西甜瓜生产现状及新技术应用[J].中国蔬菜,2015(9):4-8.[4]张玉凤,董亮,刘兆辉,等.不同肥料用量和配比对西瓜产量、品质及养分吸收的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(4):765-769.[5]张琼,孙小武,邓大成,等.不同施肥处理对西瓜产量和品质的影响[J].中国瓜菜,2017,30(3):32-34.[6]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.[7]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.[8]赵世杰,史国安,董新纯.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2002.[9]万学闪,刘文革,阎志红,等.西瓜果实发育过程中番茄红素、瓜氨酸和VC等功能物质含量的变化[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(13):2738-2747.[10]张宁,任亚丽,史庆华,等.蚯蚓粪对西瓜品质和产量的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2011(6):76-79.[11]耿维,胡林,崔建宇,等.中国区域畜禽粪便能源潜力及总量控制研究[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(1):171-179,295.[12]谢军,赵亚南,陈轩敬,等.有机肥氮替代化肥氮提高玉米产量和氮素吸收利用效率[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(20):3934-3943.[13]张绪成,于显枫,王红丽,等.半干旱区减氮增钾、有机肥替代对全膜覆盖垄沟种植马铃薯水肥利用和生物量积累的调控[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(5):852-864.[14]邢鹏飞,高圣超,马鸣超,等.有机肥替代部分无机肥对华北农田土壤理化特性、酶活性及作物产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(3):98-104.[15]陆利民,陆建忠.西瓜生产中增施有机肥减少无机肥试验初报[J].上海农业科技,2007(4):73.[16]徐强,王卫超,许咏梅,等.化肥减施-有机肥替代措施提高新疆甜瓜产量和含糖量研究[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(8):1450-1459.[17]顾欣,何继涛,曹云娥,等.有机肥与菌肥配施对拱棚西瓜生长和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2016(18):39-43.[18]张爽,石燕楠,王硕,等.江苏省西瓜施肥现状及高产潜力[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(9):3000-3008.[19]张光伟,焦自高,史庆华,等.西瓜果实膨大期追施氮钾肥对土壤及果实品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(1):87-90,94.[20]余海英,李廷轩,张锡洲.温室栽培系统的养分平衡及土壤养分变化特征[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(3):514-522.[21]黄绍文,唐继伟,李春花,等.我国蔬菜化肥减施潜力与科学施用对策[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(6):1480-1493.
相似文献/References:
[1]王赫,李晓雪,王亚玲,等.化肥减量配施有机肥和菌剂对辣椒产量、品质和养分累积的影响[J].北方园艺,2021,(16):1.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20204448]
WANG He,LI Xiaoxue,WANG Yaling,et al.Effects of Reduced Chemical Fertilizer Combined Application of Organic Fertilizers and Microbial Inoculants on Yield,Quality and Nutrient Accumulation in Chili Pepper[J].Northern Horticulture,2021,(23):1.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20204448]
备注/Memo
第一作者简介:谷端银(1979-),女,博士,农艺师,现主要从事蔬菜栽培技术与新品种选育等研究工作。E-mail:guduanyin@163.com.责任作者:高俊杰(1970-),男,博士,研究员,现主要从事蔬菜栽培技术与新品种选育等研究工作。E-mail:sdaugao@126.com.基金项目:山东省重点研发计划资助项目(2018GNC110016);山东省现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(SDAIT-05-09)。收稿日期:2019-07-04