[1]马燕,靳丽鑫,张雪梅,等.不同麻核桃品种物候期观察和花粉特性研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(15):17-21.
　MA Yan,JIN Li-xin,ZHANG Xue-mei,et al.Study on Phenology Observations and Pollen Characteristics of Different Juglans hopeiensis Hu Cultivars[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(15):17-21.
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不同麻核桃品种物候期观察和花粉特性研究

《北方园艺》[ISSN:1001-0009/CN:23-1247/S] 卷: 第38卷 期数: 2014年15期 页码: 17-21 栏目: 出版日期: 2014-08-15
Title:
Study on Phenology Observations and Pollen Characteristics of Different Juglans hopeiensis Hu Cultivars
文章编号:
1001-0009(2014)15-0017-05
作者:
马燕1; 靳丽鑫1; 张雪梅1; 2; 李保国1; 2; 陈梦华1
1.河北农业大学 林学院,河北 保定 071000；
2.河北省核桃工程技术研究中心，河北 邢台 054000
Author(s):
MA Yan1; JIN Li-xin1; ZHANG Xue-mei1; 2; LI Bao-guo1; 2; CHEN Meng-hua1
1.College of Forestry,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding,Hebei 071000;
2.Hebei Province Engineering Technology Research Center,Xingtai,Hebei 054000
关键词:
麻核桃; 物候期; 花粉; 生活力; 授粉
Keywords:
Juglans hopeiensis Hu; phenology; pollen; viability; pollination
分类号:
S664.1
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
以涞水县龙泉山4年生麻核桃树为试材，观察了麻核桃的物候期，研究了不同麻核桃品种的花粉特性，以探明不同麻核桃品种的物候期及花粉特性。结果表明：11个麻核桃品种中“白狮子头”、“四座楼”、“山西官帽”、“承德官帽”、“大狮子头”、“公子帽”为雄先型，“满天星”、“九度官帽”为雌先型；“南疆石”、“盘龙纹”、“大官帽”未见雄花；物候期调查显示，“满天星”（04.29~05.04）、“九度官帽”（04.30~05.03）、“苹果园”（04.27~05.02）雄花盛花期，与“白狮子头”（05.01~05.04）、“四座楼”（04.30~05.03）、“山西官帽”（04.30~05.02）、“承德官帽”（05.03~05.06）、“苹果园”（05.02~05.04）雌花盛花期相遇；“白狮子头”（04.25~04.29）、“四座楼”（04.25~04.30）、“山西官帽”（04.22~04.27）、“承德官帽”（04.23~04.27）、“大狮子头”（04.26~04.29）、“公子帽”（04.25~04.29）雄花盛花期与“满天星”（04.25~04.27）、“九度官帽”的（04.26~04.28）雌花盛花期相遇。自然条件下麻核桃花粉的生活力为7.98%~24.53%，畸形率为12.0%~33.6%；麻核桃花粉的保存时间越短花粉生活力越高。以“满天星”、“苹果园”、“大官帽”、“白狮子头”、“山西官帽”、“承德官帽”和“四座楼”为母本的授粉组合中，坐果率最高的授粉组合其坐果率分别为6.91%、11.45%、20.31%、17.46%、10.93%、12.91%、30.30%，均高于相应的自然授粉的坐果率。与母本对应的最佳父本分别为：“磨盘狮子头”、“承德官帽”、“红狮子头”、“四座楼”、“公子帽”、“大狮子头”和“山西官帽”。
Abstract:
Fouryearold Juglans hopeiensis Hu trees that planted in Longquan hill of Laishui county were used as materils,the phenological period and pollen characteristics of different Juglans hopeiensis Hu cultivars were researched,in order to prove up the phenological period and pollen characteristics of different Juglans hopeiensis Hu varieties.The results showed that among 11 Juglans hopeiensis Hu varieties,‘Bai Shizitou’,‘Sizuolou’,‘Shanxi Guanmao’,‘Chengde Guanmao’,‘Da Shizitou’ and ‘Gongzimao’ are male flowers bloom first,‘Mantianxing’ and ‘Jiudu Guanmao’ were female flower bloom first；‘Nanjiangshi’,‘Panlongwen’ and ‘Daguanmao’ had no male flower；The male flowers fullbloom stage of ‘Mantianxing’（04.29~05.02）,‘Jiudu Guanmao’（04.30~05.03）,‘Pingguoyuan’（04.27~05.02）consistent with the female flowers full bloom stage of ‘Bai Shizitou’（05.01~05.04）,‘Sizuolou’（04.30~05.03）,‘Shanxi Guanmao’（04.30~05.02）,‘Chengde Guanmao’（05.03~05.06）and ‘Pingguoyuan’（05.02~05.04）；The male flowers full bloom stage of ‘Bai Shizitou’（04.25~04.29）,‘Sizuolou’（04.25~04.30）,‘Shanxi Guanmao’（04.22~04.27）,‘Chengde Guanmao’（04.23~04.27）,‘Da Shizitou’（04.26~04.29）,‘Gongzimao’（04.25~04.29）consistent with the female flowers full-bloom stage of ‘Mantianxing’（04.25~04.27）and ‘Jiudu Guanmao’（04.26~04.28）.The pollen’s viability of Juglans hopeiensis Hu cultivars was 7.98%~24.53% and aberration rate was 12.0%~33.6% under natural conditions；the shorter storage time,the higher pollen’s viability in Juglans hopeiensis Hu cultivars.If the female parent was ‘Mantianxing’,‘Pingguoyuan’,‘Daguanmao’,‘Bai Shizitou’,‘Shanxi Guanmao’,‘Chengde Guanmao’ and ‘Sizuolou’,the best match of the male parent was ‘Mopanshizitou’,‘Chengde Guanmao’,‘Hong Shizitou’,‘Sizuolou’,‘Gongzimao’,‘Da Shizitou’ and ‘Shanxi Guanmao’ in proportion.The fruit set percentage was 6.91%,11.45%,20.31%,17.46%,10.93%,12.91% and 30.30% respectively,and they were all higher than that of under the natural condition.

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备注/Memo

第一作者简介：马燕（1988-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为经济林栽培生理。E-mail：mayanhbnd@163.com.

责任作者：张雪梅（1980-），女，河北丰润人，博士，副研究员，硕士生导师，现主要从事经济林栽培技术等研究工作。E-mail：zhangxuemei888@163.com 基金项目：国家林业公益专项资助项目（201004093）；河北省科技支撑资助项目（14236811D）。

更新日期/Last Update: 2014-09-19