LIU Jun,DIAO Yong-qiang,CHEN Shu-ying,et al.An Investigation and Analysis of Freeze Injury of Different Varieties Apple Seedlings in Ili Area[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(23):34-37.
伊犁河谷不同苹果品种苗木冻害调查及分析
- Title:
- An Investigation and Analysis of Freeze Injury of Different Varieties Apple Seedlings in Ili Area
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2013)23-0034-04
- Keywords:
- apple; freeze injury; Ili area; analysis
- 分类号:
- S 661.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 对引入伊犁河谷部分县（市）、乡镇场1、2 a生不同苹果品种苗木及苹果矮化砧木进行了田间冻害情况调查及分析，探讨其越冬抗寒性差异，以期为伊犁河谷苹果品种合理规划布局、栽培管理及苹果产业健康发展提供科学依据。结果表明：不同苹果品种苗木对冻害的表现具有明显差异，当地苹果品种“玉山因”平均冻害指数最小，仅为0.07，“玉山因”受冻程度最轻，具有较强的抗寒性；其次是“蜜脆”，平均冻害指数为0.18；苹果半矮化砧木“GM256”平均冻害指数最小，仅为0.003，“GM256”受冻程度最轻，具有较强的抗寒性；其次是新疆野苹果，平均冻害指数为0.078；苹果矮化砧木“辽砧二号”受冻害程度相对最重，其平均冻害指数为0.130。伊犁河谷2010～2011年栽植的不同苹果品种苗木及矮化砧木受到不同程度冻害，主要发生在雪线以上（距地面40 cm）的主干，冻害程度在Ⅰ～Ⅱ级之间。引入伊犁河谷苹果不同品种苗木抗寒性大小顺序为：“玉山因”＞“蜜脆”＞“寒富”＞“华硕”＞“首红”＞“望山红”＞“红富士”＞“红盖露”＞“富士冠军”；苹果不同砧木抗寒性大小为：“GM256”＞新疆野苹果＞“辽砧二号”；不同立地环境的苹果园冻害程度有明显差别，总体来讲，低海拔地区冻害重于高海拔地区，平原区重于山区。
- Abstract:
- The seedlings of apple which were 1～2 years old and dwarfing inter stock apple trees introducad to Ili were investigated based on experimental research and field survey on the freezing injury of some villages and towns.The difference in ability of cold resistance for introduced seedlings of apple and apple rootstocks in Ili area were discussed，in order to provide a scientific basis for reasonable planning，cultivation management，and the healthy development of apple industry.The results indicated that，there had obvious differences expressed by freezing injury between different varieties of apple，the average freezing damage index of local cultivars named ‘Yushanyin’ was only 0.07，suffered from little freeze injury compared with ‘Micui’，which the average freezing damage index was 0.18；‘Yushanyin’ had higher cold tolerance；the average freezing damage index of dwarfing inter stock apple trees ‘GM256’ was only 0.003，suffered from little freeze injury compared with Malus sieversii，which the average freezing damage index was 0.078，‘GM256’ had higher cold tolerance；the average freezing damage index of dwarfing inter stock apple trees ‘LiaozhenⅡ’was 0.130，comparatively suffered from more freeze injury.The seedlings of apple and apple rootstocks planted in 2010 to 2011 suffered from different freeze injury in Ili area，mainly occured on the trunk above the snow line (40 centimeters above the ground),the degree of freezing injury damage was Ⅰ～Ⅱ.The ability of cold resistance for introduced seedlings of apples were：‘Yushanyin’＞‘Micui’＞‘Hanfu’＞‘Huashuo’＞‘Shouhong’＞‘Wangshanhong’＞‘Red Fuji’＞‘Honggailu’＞‘Fuji Champion’;the ability of cold resistance for apple rootstocks were:‘GM256’＞Malus sieversii＞‘LiaozhenⅡ’;there was significant difference in the degree of freezing injury in different site conditions in apple orchard.In general，freezing injury were more series at plain low altitude than that in mountainous high altitude area.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：刘君（1962-），男，四川人，高级工程师，现主要从事果树栽培等研究工作。E-mail：fengye811@163.com.
责任作者：尚振江（1959-），男，湖北襄阳人，本科，高级农艺师，现主要从事果树栽培等研究工作。
基金项目：2011年中央财政林业科技推广示范资金资助项目。
收稿日期：2013-09-09