HE Jian-hua,SHAO Jian-zhu,GUO Yu,et al.Comparison of Biological Characteristics Between ‘Gala’ Apple and Its Early Maturing Bud Mutation[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,36(14):20-22.
早熟芽变“嘎拉”与普通“嘎拉”苹果的生物学性状比较
- Title:
- Comparison of Biological Characteristics Between ‘Gala’ Apple and Its Early Maturing Bud Mutation
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2012)14-0020-03
- Keywords:
- ‘Gala’; apple; bud mutation; early mature; biological characteristics
- 分类号:
- S 661.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以普通“嘎拉”苹果为对照，对早熟芽变“嘎拉”的生物学性状进行了研究。结果表明：早熟芽变的物候期与普通“嘎拉”基本一致，但成熟期提前25 d左右；芽变“嘎拉”树体变矮，分枝变多，节间长、叶宽和叶厚分别为“嘎拉”的1.07、1.16、1.17倍；但分枝长、叶长、叶柄长没显著变化；主干增粗速度变慢。芽变“嘎拉”的花瓣长、宽，花药纵、横径，花柄长度、粗度，花粉萌发率，花冠大小分别为“嘎拉”的0.87、1.16、0.94、1.14、0.63、1.49、0.70、0.87倍。早熟芽变“嘎拉”的平均单果重为206.2 g，比对照增加了25.3%；可溶性固形物含量为13.87%，降低了4%；可溶性糖含量为5.55%，比对照降低了9%；可溶性酸含量为0.1%，降低了66.6%；糖酸比为56，提高了267%；果面色泽为条红，着色均匀。综合各项指标认为，该早熟芽变是一个综合性状优良的变异。
- Abstract:
- Biological characteristics of an early maturing bud mutation ‘Gala’ apple were compared with the normal one as the control.The results showed that the phenological period of the early bud mutation ‘Gala’ apple was mainly consistent with the normal ones but the mature period about 25 days earlier.The bud mutation had shorter tree bodies，more branches and lower growth rate of trunk diameter.The length of internode，the width and thickness of leaf were 1.07，1.16 and 1.17 times than the control，respectively.There was no difference in the length of branch，leaf and petiole.The length and width of petal，lengthways and transverse of anther diameter，length and diameter of anthocaulus，germination rate of anther，and the size of corolla were 0.87，1.16，0.94，1.14，0.63，1.49，0.70 and 0.87 times than the control，respectively.The average fruit weigth was 206.2 g，which was 25.3% higher than the control.The content of soluble solid，soluble sugar and soluble acid were 13.87%，5.55% and 0.1%，which was 4%，9% and 66.6% lower than the control，respectively.The sugar acid ratio was 56，which was 267% higher than the control.The fruit surface was covered with striped red equably.In conclusion，the early maturing ‘Gala’ was a mutation with excellent comprehensive properties.
参考文献/References:
[1]王金政,薛晓敏,路超.我国苹果生产现状与发展对策[J].山东农业科学,2010(6):117-119.
[2]过国南,阎振立,张恒涛,等.我国早、中熟苹果品种的生产现状、选育进展及发展展望[J].果树学报,2009,26(6):871-877.
[3]王金政,薛晓敏,路超.山东苹果产业现状调查报告[R].国家现代苹果产业技术体系技术简报汇编,2008:47-50. [4]伊凯,刘志,高树清,等.辽宁省苹果产销情况调查报告[R].国家现代苹果产业技术体系技术简报汇编,2008:221-223.
[5]王金政,路超.山东省栖霞市苹果产业状况调查[R].国家现代苹果产业技术体系技术简报汇编，2008:181-184.
[6]伊凯,沙守峰,刘志,等.我国苹果育种的回顾与展望[J].果树学报,2005(22):17-19.
[7]过国南,阎振立,张顺妮.我国建国以来苹果品种选育研究的回顾及今后育种的发展方向[J].果树学报,2003,20(2):127-134. [8]阎振立,张恒涛,过国南.早中熟苹果的生产状况与发展建议[J].果农之友,2010(12):5-6.
[9]White A G.“嘎拉”苹果[J].王同坤,译.河北果树,1991(4):44-45.
[10]屈海泳,刘连妹.桃花粉活性检测和离体萌发特性的研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(21):207-212.
[11]黄晓钰,刘邻渭.食品化学综合实验[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002:164-179.
[12]邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社，2000:111-112.
相似文献/References:
[1]曹慧,姜倩倩,张保仁,等.节水养根处理对苹果枝叶生长发育的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(04):1.
[2]王贵平,王金政,薛晓敏,等.叶面喷施甜菜碱对干旱胁迫下苹果幼树[J].北方园艺,2014,38(12):10.
WANG Gui-ping,WANG Jin-zheng,XUE Xiao-min,et al.Effect of Spraying Glycinebetaine on Physiological Responses of Apple Young Trees Under Drought Stress[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(14):10.
[3]李 莹,任亚梅,马学敏,等.1-MCP处理结合不同贮藏条件对苹果常温货架品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(11):137.
LI Ying,REN Ya-mei,MA Xue-min,et al.Effects of 1-MCP Treatment With Different Storage Conditions on Quality of Apple During Shelf Life at Room Temperature[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(14):137.
[4]党建美,胡清玉,张 瑜,等.炭疽菌叶枯病在我国苹果产区的发生分布及趋势分析[J].北方园艺,2014,38(10):177.
DANG Jian-mei,HU Qing-yu,ZHANG Yu,et al.The Occurrence Trend and Distribution of Apple Glomerella Leaf Spot in China[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(14):177.
[5]解贝贝,沙广利,戴洪义,等.六种无融合生殖砧木对‘嘎拉’苹果果实大小和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(17):23.
XIE Bei-bei,SHA Guang-li,DAI Hong-yi,et al.Effect of Six No Fusion Reproductive Rootstocks on the Fruit Size and Quality of ‘Gala’ Apple[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(14):23.
[6]冯娟娟,刘军弟,霍学喜.世界主要落叶水果主产国生产与贸易预测分析[J].北方园艺,2014,38(04):195.
[7]吕天星,王铭,伊凯.苹果杂种实生苗叶片性状遗传趋势研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(14):8.
LV Tian-xing,WANG Ming,YI Kai.Study on Genetic Trends of Leaf Traits in Apple Hybrid Seedling[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(14):8.
[8]史星雲,王立新,王亚杰,等.陕西省苹果主栽品种品质差异及相关性分析[J].北方园艺,2013,37(14):11.
SHI Xing-yun,WANG Li-xin,WANG Ya-jie,et al.Quality and Correlation Analysis of the Main Apple Cultivars in Shaanxi Province[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(14):11.
[9]隗晓雯,郭静,王菲,等.不同矮化砧木叶片酶活性与内源激素含量的差异[J].北方园艺,2013,37(14):16.
WEI Xiao-wen,GUO Jing,WANG Fei,et al.Difference of Enzyme Activity and the Content of Endogenous Hormones in the Leaves of Different Apple Dwarfing Rootstocks[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(14):16.
[10]刘 君,刁永强,陈淑英,等.伊犁河谷不同苹果品种苗木冻害调查及分析[J].北方园艺,2013,37(23):34.
LIU Jun,DIAO Yong-qiang,CHEN Shu-ying,et al.An Investigation and Analysis of Freeze Injury of Different Varieties Apple Seedlings in Ili Area[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(14):34.
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：何建华（1985-），男，硕士，现主要从事果树生物技术与育种研究工作。
责任作者：邵建柱（1970-），男，博士，教授，硕士生导师，现主要从事果树生物技术与育种等研究工作。E-mail:shaojzh@21cn.com.
基金项目：河北省科技厅资助项目(11220114D)。
收稿日期：2012-05-07