[1]袁引燕,杨伟伟,陈久红,等.不同树形对‘库尔勒香梨’树体结构、果实品质和产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2025,(8):42-48.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20243792]
　YUAN Yinyan,YANG Weiwei,CHEN Jiuhong,et al.Effects of Different Tree Shapes on Tree Structure,Fruit Quality and Yield of ‘Korla Xiangli’[J].Northern Horticulture,2025,(8):42-48.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20243792]

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不同树形对‘库尔勒香梨’树体结构、果实品质和产量的影响

《北方园艺》[ISSN:1001-0009/CN:23-1247/S] 卷: 期数: 2025年8 页码: 42-48 栏目: 出版日期: 2025-04-30

Title:: Effects of Different Tree Shapes on Tree Structure,Fruit Quality and Yield of ‘Korla Xiangli’

文章编号:: 1001-0009(2025)08-0042-07

作者:: 袁引燕1; 杨伟伟1; 陈久红1; 位杰2; 徐胜扬1; 鲁晓燕1; （1.石河子大学农学院,新疆生产建设兵团特色果蔬栽培生理与种质资源利用重点实验室，新疆石河子 832003；2.新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所，新疆库尔勒 841000）

Author(s):: YUAN Yinyan1; YANG Weiwei1; CHEN Jiuhong1; WEI Jie2; XU Shengyang1; LU Xiaoyan1; (1.Agricultural College,Shihezi University/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003；2.Agricultural Science Research Institute of the Second Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Korla,Xinjiang 841000)

关键词:: ‘库尔勒香梨’; 树体结构; 果实品质; 产量

Keywords:: ‘Korla Xiangli’; tree structure; fruit quality; yield

分类号:: S 661.2

DOI:: 10.11937/bfyy.20243792

文献标志码:: A

摘要:: 以五年生高纺锤形、疏散分层形、开心形和一边倒形‘库尔勒香梨’为试材，对不同树形的树体结构、枝类组成、果实品质和产量进行测定分析，探究了不同树形对‘库尔勒香梨’树体结构生长、果实品质及产量影响，以期为‘库尔勒香梨’生产筛选适宜树形提供参考依据。结果表明：开心形显著提高短枝枝梢数量和单株枝量，降低长枝数量，合理优化了树体结构以及枝组布局空间分布，且可溶性糖、抗坏血酸含量以及单株产量显著高于其他3种树形。高纺锤形在可溶性糖含量、一级果比例、单位面积产量具有显著优势，单果质量、一级果比例高，石细胞含量低，单位面积产量高。疏散分层形的单位面积产量高，一边倒形的果台副梢短枝比例高、单位面积枝量多，但2种树形的果实品质整体低于开心形和高纺锤形。4种树形的果台副梢长枝无显著性差异。相比较4种树形，开心形树体短枝占比高，单位枝量多，且果实单株产量高、果实品质好；高纺锤形在改善果实品质、单位面积产量方面表现出相对优势。因此，开心形和高纺锤形更适宜‘库尔勒香梨’的栽培生产，实践中应结合整形修剪选择开心形和高纺锤形树形调整产量。

Abstract:: Taking 5-year-old ‘Korla Xiangli’ with tall spindle,sparse layered,open center and one-side down shapes as test materials,the tree structure,branch composition,fruit quality,and yield of different tree shapes were measured and analyzed to explore the effects of different tree shapes on the growth of ‘Korla Xiangli’ tree structure,fruit quality,and yield,in order to provide reference for selecting suitable tree shapes for the production of ‘Korla Xiangli’.The results showed that the open center shape significantly increased the number of short shoot tips and the number of shoots per plant,reduced the number of long shoots,reasonably optimised the tree structure and the spatial distribution of shoot layout,and the soluble sugar content,ascorbic acid content and yield per plant were significantly higher than the other three types of tree shapes.Tall spindle shape had significant advantages in soluble sugar content,proportion of first-grade fruits and yield per unit area,high single fruit weight,high proportion of first-grade fruits,low stone cell content and high yield per unit area.The yield per unit area of the sparse layered shape was high,and the proportion of short fruiting stage sub-top shoots was high and the number of shoots per unit area was high in the one-side down shape,but the fruit quality of the two forms was lower than that of the open center shape and the tall spindle shape as a whole,and there was no significant difference in fruiting stage sub-top long shoots of the four tree shapes.Compared with the four tree shapes,the open center shape had a high proportion of short shoots,more unit shoots,and high fruit yield per plant with good fruit quality.The high spindle shape showed relative advantages in improving fruit quality and yield per unit area.Therefore,open center shape and tall spindle shapes were more suitable for ‘Korla Xiangli’ cultivation and production,practice should be combined with plastic pruning selection of open center shape and tall spindle tree shape adjustment yield.

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备注/Memo

第一作者简介：袁引燕（1998-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为果树学。E-mail：yinyan@stu.shzu.edu.cn.责任作者：鲁晓燕（1970-），女，博士，教授，现主要从事果树逆境生理与分子生物学等研究工作。E-mail:lxyshz@126.com.基金项目：新疆生产建设兵团重点研发计划重点领域科技攻关计划资助项目（2021AB016）。收稿日期：2024-09-24

更新日期/Last Update: 2025-05-09