LI Xinmiao,LIU Zhiying,ZHU Yang,et al.Study on Flowering Biology of Four Sweet Cherry Varieties[J].Northern Horticulture,2024,(3):25-32.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20233069]
四个甜樱桃品种的开花生物学特性研究
- Title:
- Study on Flowering Biology of Four Sweet Cherry Varieties
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2024)03-0025-08
- 分类号:
- S 662.5
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以八年生甜樱桃品种‘布鲁克斯’‘美早’‘早大果’‘晚红珠’为试材,对其开花物候期、花器官特征、花粉特性、柱头可授性等指标进行测定,系统了解甜樱桃在阿拉尔地区开花生物学特征,以期为阿拉尔地区甜樱桃的高效栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:4个甜樱桃品种花期相近,‘布鲁克斯’的发育速率较快,‘早大果’和‘晚红珠’的花期较长。‘美早’的花冠直径、花瓣纵横径均为最大,‘布鲁克斯’和‘早大果’易出现多雌蕊现象。4个甜樱桃品种均为中等型花粉,其中‘布鲁克斯’的极轴长最大为49.07 μm,赤道轴长‘美早’最大为24.53 μm,花粉粒的外壁纹饰均呈条纹状。‘晚红珠’的柱头可授性最强,‘早大果’的单花花粉量最多,蔗糖浓度在10 g·L-1时花粉萌发率最高,其中‘早大果’的花粉活力最高。不同品种甜樱桃的开花生物学特性存在差异,生产上建议选择物候期相近且花粉活力高的品种搭配种植来提高坐果率和产量。
- Abstract:
- Taking eight-year-old sweet cherry varieties ‘Brooks’‘Meizao’‘Zaodaguo’ and ‘Wanhongzhu’ as test materials,the flowering phenology,floral organ characteristics,pollen characteristics,and stigma receptivity were measured to systematically understand the biological characteristics of sweet cherries in the Alar region,in order to provide reference for efficient cultivation of sweet cherries in the Alar region.The results showed that the four sweet cherry varieties had similar flowering periods,with ‘Brooks’ having a faster development rate,and ‘Zaodaguo’ and ‘Wanhongzhu’ having longer flowering periods.The corolla diameter and petal diameter of ‘Meizao’ were both the largest,while ‘Brooks’ and ‘Zaodaguo’ were prone to the phenomenon of multiple pistils.All four sweet cherry varieties were of medium pollen type,with ‘Brooks’ having a maximum polar axis length of 49.07 μm.The maximum length of the equatorial axis ‘Meizao’ was 24.53 μm.The outer wall decoration of pollen grains was striped.The stigma of ‘Wanhongzhu’ had the strongest receptivity,and ‘Zaodaguo’ had the highest single flower pollen quantity.When the sucrose concentration was 10 g·L-1,the pollen germination rate was the highest,with ‘Zaodaguo’ having the highest pollen vitality.There were differences in the flowering biological characteristics of different varieties of sweet cherries.It was recommended to choose varieties with similar phenological periods and high pollen vitality for planting to improve fruit setting rate and yield.
参考文献/References:
[1]段续伟,李明,谭钺,等.新中国果树科学研究70年:樱桃[J].果树学报,2019,36(10):1339-1351.[2]WANG P,REN F,WANG Y,et al.Research on the necessity of building national-level grape and cherry germplasm resources bank in Shandong Province[J].Agricultural Biotechnology,2018,2(7):36-39.[3]张开春,闫国华,张晓明,等.中国甜樱桃的栽培历史、生产现状及发展建议[J].落叶果树,2017,49(6):1-5.[4]沈国正,刘辉,张琛,等.杭州和泰安地区3个甜樱桃品种花器官发育质量比较分析[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2020,46(2):168-176.[5]陈永安,陈鑫,刘艳飞.采粉期及贮藏条件对猕猴桃花粉生活力的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(8):157-160.[6]张琦,刘涛,王雅楠,等.贮存温度及形态对甜樱桃花粉耐贮性的影响研究[J].陕西林业科技,2019,47(1):1-5,22.[7]韩立群,马凯,克里木·伊明,等.樱桃开花生物学与授粉坐果特性的研究[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(4):639-644.[8]杨楠,聂江力,辛微,等.野生山樱桃花芽分化进程及开花物候的研究[J].园艺与种苗,2021,41(1):5-8,47.[9]仇志浪,郭凯斌,文壮,等.贵州主栽樱桃品种的花粉量及其低温保存效果[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(10):2185-2190.[10]魏国芹,李芳东,孙玉刚,等.甜樱桃20个品种花粉粒形态扫描电镜观察[J].果树学报,2014,31(S1):41-47.[11]赵改荣,李明.樱桃种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2011.[12]孙静芳.‘辣椒杏’生殖生物学特性研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2017.[13]余前媛,刘铭,谌晓芳.植物生理学实验教程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2014.[14]周琴,董艳芳,张冬林,等.鸢尾属8个品种花粉生活力及柱头可授性比较分析[J].分子植物育种,(2021-08-26)[ 2023-09-05].https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=KaAwsYWd1tIycSDvr5dMLlwN_h4MhVPdXKK8kzgDqkYrfytbEk7 A4I4BIxNqyha_h1KUD5ZMuzciEhOSNtS4PzEl5RhsbIMAXeI0 Daq2cg54uYDY2ryoNKBVBimsS6rAYM9yifSFFaQ=&uniplatfo rm=NZKPT&language=CHS.[15]王开发,王宪曾.孢粉学概论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1983.[16]张震,刘璐,李艳莉.果树物候期研究进展[J].果树学报,2021,38(8):1381-1389.[17]张青,沈国正,刘辉,等.浙江高海拔山区甜樱桃引种栽培初报[J].中国果树,2017(1):26-29.[18]付全娟,魏国芹,孙杨,等.春季低温对甜樱桃柱头可授性和子房冻害的影响[J].中国果树,2016(3):7-10.[19]孙泽硕,李永华,柳新红,等.四十一份樱花品种资源表型性状遗传多样性分析[J].北方园艺,2022(22):57-66.[20]李燕,李玲,李少旋,等.高温对设施甜樱桃花器官发育的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(10):2101-2108.[21]纠松涛,徐岩,付朝斌,等.花发育阶段以及温度对不同品种甜樱桃柱头可授性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2020,40(10):1698-1705.[22]刘有春,陶承光,刘威生,等.花粉形态在核果类果树遗传起源和系统关系研究中的应用[J].园艺学报,2013,40(9):1701-1709.[23]刘有春,刘威生,刘宁,等.基于花粉形态数量分类的核果类系统关系研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2010,11(5):645-649.[24]王超,周龙,彭妮,等.天山樱桃花粉特性研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2013,36(6):449-453.[25]郭凯斌,李升,乔光.大樱桃生理落花落果特性及调控机制研究进展[J].种子,2018,37(10):50-56.[26]张绍铃,吴巨友,吴俊,等.蔷薇科果树自交不亲和性分子机制研究进展[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(5):53-63.[27]蔡昭艳,董龙,王葫青,等.百香果花不同发育阶段花粉活力、柱头可授性及其对坐果的影响[J].果树学报,2023,40(5):969-977.[28]顾亚东,张华丽,张西西.非洲凤仙花粉萌发条件及花粉活力研究[J].北方园艺,2011(6):65-67.[29]叶正文,杜纪红,苏明申,等.桃92个品种的花粉量及其萌发特性的差异[J].园艺学报,2010,37(4):525-531.[30]王振民,付强,赵兵.花发育时期及贮藏条件对洋水仙花粉生活力影响的研究[J].辽宁林业科技,2011(2):20-21.
相似文献/References:
[1]谢美华,李 霖,李雪玲,等.牛角瓜叶斑病病原菌分离鉴定和生物学特性的初步研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(10):112.
XIE Mei-hua,LI Lin,LI Xue-ling,et al.Study on Pathogen Identification and Biological Characterstics of the Leaf Spot of Calotropis gigantean [J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(3):112.
[2]李辉玲,田丽萍,薛 琳.新疆石河子加工番茄叶霉病菌生物学特性研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(22):122.
LI Hui-ling,TIAN Li-ping,XUE Lin.Study on the Biological Characters of Fulvia fulva (Cooke) Ciferri of Processing Tomato in Shihezi of Xinjiang[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(3):122.
[3]常文静,张学超,杨明花.伊犁河谷豇豆品种比较试验[J].北方园艺,2013,37(17):46.
CHANG Wen-jing,ZHANG Xue-chao,YANG Ming-hua.Comparative Experiment of Cowpea Varieties in Yili Valley[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(3):46.
[4]漆小雪,韦霄,陈宗游,等.不同肥料对金钗石斛生物学性状、SPAD 值和石斛碱含量的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(05):143.
QI Xiao-xue,WEI Xiao,CHEN Zong-you,et al.Effect of the Different Manure on Biological Characteristics,SPAD Value and Dendrobium Alkali Contents of Dendrobium nobile Lindl.[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(3):143.
[5]冯 雪,梁奎景,王 茜,等.合欢枯萎病病原菌的生物学特性研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(02):128.
FENG Xue,LIANG Kui-jing,WANG Qian,et al.Study on the Biological Characteristics of Pathogen of Fusarium Wilt of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(3):128.
[6]岳海英,黄 岳,冯学梅,等.宁夏甜樱桃引种试验及其日光温室栽培技术[J].北方园艺,2014,38(08):38.
YUE Hai-ying,HUANG Yue,FENG Xue-mei,et al.Introduction Experiment of Sweet Cherries and Its Cultivation Techniques in Solar Greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(3):38.
[7]王娟婷,王乃江.辽东栎幼苗的生长规律研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(08):64.
WANG Juan-ting,WANG Nai-jiang.Research on Seedling Growth Law of Quercus Liaotungensis Koidz[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(3):64.
[8]宋顺华,吴 萍,宫国义,等.黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病的发生及防控策略[J].北方园艺,2014,38(08):105.
SONG Shun-hua,WU Ping,GONG Guo-yi,et al.Occurrence and Control Measures of Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(3):105.
[9]鲁海菊,郝小燕,崔同敏,等.抗枇杷根腐病病菌的枇杷主干内生真菌生物学特性研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(08):108.
LU Hai-ju,HAO Xiao-yan,CUI Tong-min,et al.Study on Biological Characteristics of Endophytic Fungal Resistant to Loquat Root Rot From Eriobotrya japonica Stem[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(3):108.
[10]王 琬,梁宗锁,解娟芳,等.秦艽组植物生物学特性研究进展[J].北方园艺,2014,38(08):188.
WANG Wan,LIANG Zong-suo,XIE Juan-fang,et al.Research Advance in the Biological Characteristics of Section Cruciata Gaudin[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(3):188.
备注/Memo
第一作者简介:李新苗(1998-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为果树生理与栽培。E-mail:18116853707@163.com.责任作者:张娟(1977-),女,硕士,副教授,现主要从事设施果蔬高效栽培及环境调控等研究工作。E-mail:tdyyzj01070@126.com.基金项目:兵团财政科技计划资助项目(2021AB017)。收稿日期:2023-09-05