ZHAO Ying,DONG Huan,LIU Aiqun,et al.Effects of Maize Straw Returning on Tomato Yield，Qualities and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties[J].Northern Horticulture,2023,(03):43-50.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20222094]
玉米秸秆腐熟还田对设施番茄产量品质及土壤理化性质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Maize Straw Returning on Tomato Yield，Qualities and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties
- Keywords:
- decomposed straw; yield; quality; soil physical and chemical property
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以“奇迹”番茄为试材，采用秸秆腐熟还田的方法，研究不同秸秆还田剂量和方式对番茄产量、品质和土壤理化性质的影响，以期为玉米秸秆在设施栽培中还田改良土壤提供参考依据。结果表明：多数情况下，同水平腐熟还田与未腐熟还田对土壤理化性质和产量指标影响差异不显著；腐熟秸秆还田显著提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾，提高幅度分别为11.66%~14.67%、15.40%~16.17%、2.30%~10.81%和15.38%~20.10%；秸秆还田降低土壤电导率，二水平腐熟还田与未腐熟还田降幅分别为13.54%和8.58%，腐熟秸秆还田显著提高土壤阳离子交换量，二水平和四水平腐熟还田升幅分别为20.39%和16.73%，未腐熟秸秆还田显著降低土壤硝态氮含量，比同水平腐熟还田降低16.68%；秸秆还田降低土壤容重，提高土壤总孔隙度，提高土壤非毛管孔隙度，降低土壤毛管孔隙度，土壤容重降幅为11.46%~14.65%，土壤总孔隙度升幅为4.05%~13.68%，土壤非毛管孔隙度升幅为28.11%~68.10%，土壤毛管孔隙度降幅为13.47%~25.94%；秸秆还田使土壤团聚体表现为大团聚体增多，小团聚体减少的趋势；秸秆还田显著提高番茄产量和地上干物质量，提升幅度分别为6.07%~10.86%和7.93%~15.87%。
- Abstract:
- Tomato variety of ‘Qiji’ was used as experimental materials,the effect of straw returning on yield and qualities of tomato and soil physical and chemical properties was studied with methods of decomposed straw returning,in order to provide reference for improving the soil of the greenhouse.The results showed that the effect between decomposed straw returning and straw returning on yield and the physical and chemical properties was not significant in the most condition.The soil organic matter，alkeline N，available P and available K were significantly increased by decomposed straw returning and increased by 11.66%-14.67%，15.40%-16.17%，2.30%-10.81% and 15.38%-20.10% respectively.The 12 000 kg?hm-2 decomposed straw returning and 12 000 kg?hm-2straw returning decreased the soil EC by 13.54% and 8.58% respectively.The 12 000 kg?hm-2 decomposed straw returning and 24 000 kg?hm-2 decomposed straw returning significantly increased cation exchange capacity by 20.39% and 16.73% respectively.The 12 000 kg?hm-2 straw returning decreased soil nitrate nitrogen content.The nitrate nitrogen content of the 12 000 kg?hm-2 straw returning was significantly 16.68% less than of the 12 000 kg?hm-2 decomposed straw returning.The straw returning decreased the soil bulk density by 11.46%-14.65%，increased total porosity by 4.05%-13.68%，increased non-capillary porosity by 28.11%-68.10% and decreased capillary porosity by 13.47%-25.94%.The straw returning increased the number of the bigger soil aggregates and decreased the number of the smaller soil aggregates.The straw returning significantly increased the tomato yield by 6.07%-10.86% and the above-ground dry matter accumulation by 7.93%-15.87%.
参考文献/References:
[1]李浩.我国设施农业发展现状、障碍及对策研究[J].南方农机,2021,52(23):34-37.[2]周杰,夏晓剑,胡璋健,等.“十三五”我国设施蔬菜生产和科技进展及其展望[J].中国蔬菜,2021(10):20-34.[3]张婷,张一新,向洪勇.秸秆还田培肥土壤的效应及机制研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(3):14-20.[4]刘卉,周清明,黎娟.秸秆还田对土壤改良及作物生长影响的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(32):53-57.[5]胡诚,陈云峰,乔艳,等.秸秆还田配施腐熟剂对低产黄泥田的改良作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):59-66.[6]赵凡,何秀云,沈玉梅,等.玉米秸秆还田保护性耕作对产量及土壤理化性状影响的灰色关联分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(4):208-213,218.[7]慕平,张恩和,王汉宁,等.连续多年秸秆还田对玉米耕层土壤理化性状及微生物量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(5):81-85.[8]庄文锋,韩伟,侯金星,等.秸秆还田方式与保水剂对玉米产量及土壤水分的影响[J].节水灌溉,2020(11):1-5.[9]李录久,吴萍萍,耿言安,等.秸秆还田结合氮肥运筹管理对白土稻田土壤理化性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1259-1266.[10]赵凌霄,姜丽娜,马建辉,等.秸秆过腹还田配施氮肥对小麦-玉米周年产量及土壤理化性质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2020,49(11):26-36.[11]曹丽华,王珑,陈乐,等.秸秆反应堆技术在大棚作物栽培中的应用研究[J].农业工程技术,2018,38(29):11,13.[12]陈立新,王娟,邹春娇,等.内置式秸秆反应堆技术对越冬茬番茄生长及温室环境的影响[J].北方园艺,2017(7):48-52.[13]董环,娄春荣,袁兴福,等.秸秆还田方式对设施土壤盐分的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(10):158-161.[14]何志刚,娄春荣,董环,等.秸秆还田与高温闷棚对设施连作土壤微生境及番茄生长发育的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(10):87-91.[15]鲍士旦.土壤农业化学分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.[16]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2001.[17]中华人民共和国农牧渔业部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T6195-1986.水果、蔬菜制品VC含量的测定[S].北京:中国农业出版社,1986.[18]中华人民共和国农业部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 12295-1990.水果、蔬菜制品可溶性固形物含量的测定[S].北京:中国农业出版社,1989.[19]中华人民共和国农牧渔业部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T6194-1986.水果、蔬菜制品可溶性糖含量的测定[S].北京:中国农业出版社,1986.[20]国家标准化管理委员会,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T12293-1990.水果、蔬菜制品可滴定酸含量的测定[S].北京:中国农业出版社,1990.[21]马建辉,叶旭红,韩冰,等.膜下滴灌不同灌水控制下限对设施土壤团聚体分布特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(18):3561-3571.[22]秦都林,王双磊,刘艳慧,等.滨海盐碱地棉花秸秆还田对土壤理化性质及棉花产量的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(7):1030-1042.[23]王炳坤,郭立炜,王刚,等.秸秆降解菌筛选及其应用研究进展[J].分子植物育种,2021,11(2):3-11.[24]代文才,高明,兰木羚,等.不同作物秸秆在旱地和水田中的腐解特性及养分释放规律[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(2):188-199.[25]张斯童,兰雪,李哲,等.微生物降解玉米秸秆的研究进展[J].吉林农业大学学报,2016,38(5):517-522.[26]王瑞雪,徐智,汤利,等.设施菜地土壤质量主要障碍因子及其修复措施研究进展[J].浙江农业科学,2015,56(8):1300-1305.[27]杨业凤.设施菜地土壤障碍因子研究及改良效果分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009.[28]国立财.碱化草甸土秸秆还田培肥技术研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2011.[29]张秀敏,高日平,康文钦,等.秸秆还田对盐碱地改良的研究进展[J].北方农业学报,2021,49(5):85-92.[30]葛顺峰,彭玲,任饴华,等.秸秆和生物质炭对苹果园土壤容重、阳离子交换量和氮素利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(2):366-373.[31]陈金,唐玉海,尹燕枰,等.秸秆还田条件下适量施氮对冬小麦氮素利用及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(1):160-167.[32]张国娟,濮晓珍,张鹏鹏,等.干旱区棉花秸秆还田和施肥对土壤氮素有效性及根系生物量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(13):2624-2634.[33]刘禹池,曾祥忠,冯文强,等.稻-油轮作下长期秸秆还田与施肥对作物产量和土壤理化性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1450-1459.[34]庞党伟,陈金,唐玉海,等玉米秸秆还田方式和氮肥处理对土壤理化性质及冬小麦产量的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(11):1689-1699.[35]王幸,邢兴华,徐泽俊,等.耕作方式和秸秆还田对黄淮海夏大豆产量和土壤理化性状的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2017,39(6):834-841.[36]袁玲,张宣,杨静,等.不同栽培方式和秸秆还田对水稻产量和营养品质的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(2):350-359.[37]敖金成,罗华元,张晓龙,等.玉米秸秆还田方式对初烤烟叶品质及土壤肥力的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2015,27(8):1456-1461.[38]王子阳,陈婉华,袁伟,等.长期秸秆还田与耕作方式对水稻产量及品质的影响[J].中国稻米,2021,27(3):17-20,29.
相似文献/References:
[1]周剑,李天来,刘义玲,等.雾培对网纹甜瓜生长和产量及品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(04):16.
[2]杨 启,马茂亭,赵丽平,等.不同施氮处理对芸豆产量和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(13):176.
YANG Qi,MA Mao-ting,ZHAO Li-ping,et al.Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Treatments on Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Kidney Bean[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(03):176.
[3]张 浩,李福云,徐志然,等.不同套作模式对温室连作番茄生长产量及土壤微生物与酶活性的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(13):46.
ZHANG Hao,LI Fu-yun,XU Zhi-ran,et al.Effects of Different Relay Intercropping Patterns on Continuous Cropping Tomato Growth，Yield and Soil Microflora and Enzymes Activities in Solar Greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(03):46.
[4]杨小梅,王海亭.高寒地区番茄不同栽培密度对产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(11):40.
YANG Xiao-mei,WANG Hai-ting.Effect of Different Planting Density on the Yield of Tomato in Alpine Region[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(03):40.
[5]杨会芳,梁新安,常介田,等.叶面喷施硒肥对不同蔬菜硒富集及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(11):158.
YANG Hui-fang,LIANG Xin-an,CHANG Jie-tian,et al.Effects of Foliar Spraying of Selenium Fertilizer on Selenium Enrichment of Different Vegetables and Yield[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(03):158.
[6]徐惠风,魏龙雪,高志新,等.种植密度对蓝蓟光合特性和产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(10):1.
XU Hui-feng,WEI Long-xue,GAO Zhi-xin,et al.Effect of Plant Density on Photosynthetic Characters and Yield of Echium vulgare [J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(03):1.
[7]王丽霞,卢凤刚,郝建博,等.不同育苗基质对秋葵生长发育及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(10):16.
WANG Li-xia,LU Feng-gang,HAO Jian-bo,et al.Effect of Different Seedling Substrates on Growth and Yield of Okra[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(03):16.
[8]韩春梅,李春龙,叶少平,等.不同栽培模式下生姜品质及经济效益的比较研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(22):41.
HAN Chun-mei,LI Chun-long,YE Shao-ping,et al.Comparative Study on the Quality and Economic Benefit of Ginger Under Different Cultivated Patterns[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(03):41.
[9]赵志顺,逄振茹.不同覆土材料对双孢蘑菇子实体生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(10):136.
ZHAO Zhi-shun,PANG Zhen-ru.Effect of Different Casing Soil Material on Fruitbody Growth of Agaricus bisporus [J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(03):136.
[10]肖庆红,马 倩,张 燕,等.S-诱抗素和新奥霉素在日光温室番茄栽培上的应用研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(22):53.
XIAO Qing-hong,MA Qian,ZHANG Yan,et al.Study on S-auxin and Xinaomycin in Tomato Cultivation in Solar Greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(03):53.
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：赵颖（1967-），女，本科，副研究员，现主要从事设施蔬菜养分管理及栽培技术等研究工作。E-mail：1984838601@qq.com.责任作者：董环（1979-），男，硕士，研究员，现主要从事设施障碍土壤修复与设施蔬菜养分管理等研究工作。E-mail：xianyu1979@126.com.基金项目：辽宁省农业科学院基本科研业务费资助项目（2021HQ1904）；辽宁省重点研发计划资助项目（2020JH2/10200018）；辽宁省应用基础研究计划资助项目（2022JH2/101300162）。收稿日期：2022-05-19