ZHANG Dongdong,LI Qi,CHU Baohua,et al.Effects of Nitrogen Application Levels on Apple Growth,Yield and Quality in Different Periods[J].Northern Horticulture,2022,(17):42-50.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20220966]
不同时期施氮水平对苹果生长、产量和品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Nitrogen Application Levels on Apple Growth,Yield and Quality in Different Periods
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以三年生‘阿珍富士’矮化苹果为试材，采用大田试验与实验室试验相结合的方法，研究了不同施肥时期和施氮量对矮化苹果生长及果实品质、产量的影响，以期探索出渭北旱塬矮化密植模式下苹果氮肥的最佳施用时期和施氮量。结果表明：在相同施肥时期，N3处理下的新梢长度显著高于N1、N2处理；随着施氮量的增加，叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs），呈现先增加后降低的趋势，N3处理的Pn最高，胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）呈现先降低后升高的趋势；N3处理的叶绿素含量显著高于N1、N2处理；N3处理下，叶片中的氮含量可以更好的维持稳定以保证树体对氮素的需求；果实产量随着施氮量的增加表现出先增加后降低的趋势，N3处理显著高于其它施氮量；N3处理下的果实可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量显著高于其它施氮量。在相同施氮水平下，T2施肥时期的新梢长度、Pn、叶绿素含量、果实产量及果实品质高于T1施肥时期，在苹果生长发育期，少量多次的施用适量氮肥更利于树体生长发育及果实品质的改善。T2N3处理下，更有利于果实产量的增加和果实品质的改善，树体可以更好的吸收利用氮素。
- Abstract:
- Three-year-old ‘Azhen Fuji’ dwarf apple was used as experimental materials.The method of combining field test and laboratory test was adopted.The effects of different fertilization periods and nitrogen application rates on the growth,fruit quality and yield of dwarf apples were studied,in order to explore the best application period and nitrogen application rate of apple nitrogen fertilizer under the dwarf dense planting mode in Weibei dryland.The results showed that the new shoot length of N3 treatment was significantly higher than that of N1 and N2 treatment at the same fertilization period;with the increase of nitrogen application rate,Pn,Tr and Gs of leaves increased first and then decreased,and Pn of N3 treatment was the highest,and Ci decreased first and then increased;the chlorophyll content of N3 treatment was significantly higher than that of N1 and N2 treatment;under N3 treatment,the nitrogen content in leaves could be better maintained stable to ensure the nitrogen demand of trees;fruit yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application,and N3 treatment was significantly higher than other nitrogen application levels;the fruit soluble sugar and soluble solids content under N3 treatment were significantly higher than other nitrogen application levels.Under the same nitrogen application level,the shoot length,Pn,chlorophyll content,fruit yield and fruit quality in T2 fertilization period were higher than those in T1 fertilization period.In apple growth and development period,a small amount and multiple application of appropriate nitrogen fertilizer was more conducive to the growth and development of trees and the improvement of fruit quality.T2N3 treatment was more conducive to the increase of fruit yield and the improvement of fruit quality,and the tree could better absorb and utilize nitrogen.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：张东东（1996-），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为果树栽培与生理生态。E-mail：530342628@qq.com.责任作者：邹养军（1969-），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，现主要从事果树栽培与生理生态等研究工作。E-mail：yangjunzou@126.com.基金项目：国家重点研发计划资助项目（2020YFD1000201）。收稿日期：2022-03-16