JIA Mingfei,NIE Lanchun,CUI Qiang,et al.Effects of Different Fertilization Schemes on Soil Ammonia Volatilization，Yield and Quality of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2020,44(20):44-53.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20200599]
不同施肥方案对日光温室土壤氨挥发及番茄产量和品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Fertilization Schemes on Soil Ammonia Volatilization，Yield and Quality of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse
- Keywords:
- solar greenhouse; ammonia volatilization; tomato; yield; quality
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为明确日光温室冬春季生产过程中土壤氨挥发情况，提出兼顾减少氨挥发及保证番茄产量和品质的施肥方案。以日光温室冬春茬和早春茬番茄为试材，通过设置不同的化肥减施方案，采用通气法，研究了不同施肥方案下的土壤氨挥发情况和不同施肥方案对番茄产量和品质的影响。结果表明：日光温室番茄生产中氨挥发主要来自追肥，冬春茬和早春茬追肥期间的氨挥发量分别占全生育期氨挥发总量的84.62%~91.06%和70.14%~79.73%。冬春茬番茄按当地常规施肥方案（有机肥N 333.00 kg?hm-2，化肥N 207.90 kg?hm-2），全生育期氨挥发累积量为18.54 kg?hm-2；早春茬番茄按当地常规施肥方案（有机肥N 243.33 kg?hm-2，化肥N 354.00 kg?hm-2），全生育期氨挥发累积量为27.28 kg?hm-2。化肥（氮素）减施20％~50%，配合适量增施有机肥，可使土壤氨挥发降低7.74%~33.93%，并具有增产、提质和节本的效应。冬春茬番茄生产中，与当地常规施肥方案相比，底肥中有机肥增施20%，追施化肥减少50%的施肥方案，氨挥发减少25.85%，番茄产量增加11.40%，果实可溶性固形物及维生素C含量分别提高19.37%和53.52%，施肥成本节约4.37%，为最佳施肥方案。早春茬番茄生产中，与常规施肥方案相比，有机肥常量，化肥减少20%的施肥方案氨挥发减少14.19%，番茄产量和维生素C含量分别增加9.52%和22.33%，施肥成本节约11.23%，为最佳施肥方案。日光温室生产中通过合理的增施有机肥并减少化肥的施用，可显著降低土壤氨挥发，提高番茄产量和品质，节约施肥成本。
- Abstract:
- In order to evaluate the soil ammonia volatilization and propose fertilization scheme for reducing ammonia volatilization and ensuring tomato yield and quality during winter-spring production in greenhouse.Using tomatoes in the solar greenhouse in winter-spring and early-spring as test materials，using the static chamber technique to study the effects of fertilization schemes of reducing chemical fertilizer application on the soil ammonia volatilization and yield and quality of tomato.The results showed that the soil ammonia volatilization in the greenhouse mainly came from topdressing.The ammonia volatilization from the topdressing of winter-spring and early-spring tomato accounted for 84.62%-91.06% and 70.14%-79.73% of the total ammonia volatilization respectively.The total amount of ammonia volatilization in the whole growth period of winter-spring tomato was 18.54 kg?hm-2 under the conventional fertilization schemes (organic N 333.00 kg?hm-2，Chemical N 207.90 kg?hm-2).The total amount of ammonia volatilization in the whole growth period of early-spring tomato was 27.28 kg?hm-2 under the conventional fertilization schemes (organic N 243.33 kg?hm-2，chemical N 354.00 kg?hm-2).The soil ammonia volatilization could be reduced by 7.74%-33.93% by reducing 20%-50% of chemical fertilizer (nitrogen) application and increasing organic fertilizer application，which also had effects of increasing yield，improving quality and saving cost.In winter-spring tomato production，compared with the local conventional fertilization scheme，the best fertilization scheme was the scheme of increasing the application of organic fertilizer by 20% and reducing the application of chemical fertilizer by 50% which reduce the ammonia volatilization by 25.85%，increase the yield of tomato by 11.40%，increase the content of soluble solids and vitamin C of fruit by 19.37% and 53.52% respectively，and save 4.37% of fertilization cost.In early-spring tomato production，compared with the local conventional fertilization scheme，the best fertilization scheme was the scheme of reducing the application of chemical fertilizer by 50% which reduced the volatilization of ammonia by 14.19%，increased the yield of tomato by 9.25%，increased the content of vitamin C of fruit by 22.33%，and saved 11.23% of fertilization cost.Through the rational application of organic fertilizer and reducing the application of chemical fertilizer in tomato production in greenhouse，the soil ammonia volatilization could be significantly reduced，and the yield and quality of tomatoes could be improved，the cost of fertilization also could be saved.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：贾明飞(1995-)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为蔬菜生理生态。E-mail:15733223865@163.com.责任作者：乜兰春(1966-)，女，博士，教授，现主要从事设施蔬菜生理生态等研究工作。E-mail:13784960296@139.com.基金项目：生态环境部资助项目（DQGG0208-02）。收稿日期：2020-02-21