GAO Meiying,HAN Yao,ZHAO Wei,et al.Effects of Different Cold Protection Measures on Overwintering Ability of Grapevine[J].Northern Horticulture,2019,43(07):17-26.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20182907]
不同防寒措施对葡萄越冬性的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Cold Protection Measures on Overwintering Ability of Grapevine
- Keywords:
- grape; cold-proof measures; wintering; physiological indicators
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以5年生欧亚种“早黑宝”葡萄为试材，以冬季不埋土为对照，设置7个防寒处理：树干涂白、茎干裹黑膜、保温棉包裹、基干套白膜、保温棉覆盖、玉米秸20 cm+覆膜、铺黑地膜，研究不同防寒措施对葡萄根系附近土层温度的影响、枝条部分生理指标的变化和枝条生长情况，以期筛选出北方寒区塑料大棚内葡萄越冬最合适的防寒措施，促进葡萄种质资源的有效利用。结果表明：葡萄根际地下5 cm和20 cm处的土层温度变化强弱排序为玉米秸20 cm+覆膜、铺黑地膜>保温棉覆盖>对照、茎干裹黑膜、保温带包裹、树干涂白、基干套白膜；采用抗寒性隶属函数法进行综合评价，防寒效果排序为茎干裹黑膜>玉米秸20 cm+覆膜、铺黑地膜>保温带包裹>基干裹白膜>保温棉覆盖>对照>树干涂白；越冬后保温带包裹处理的葡萄萌芽率最高，枝条没有出现霉变现象，且萌芽整齐；综合经济成本考虑建议在北方冬季埋土区塑料大棚内以玉米秆20 cm+覆膜或铺黑地膜覆盖根系，以保温带或黑膜包裹枝条作为葡萄越冬防寒方法；露地栽培可使用保温被覆盖，具体覆盖所需厚度需依据实际各地区气候情况进一步研究。
- Abstract:
- The 5-year-old Eurasian species ‘Zaoheibao’ grape was used as a test material,not to bury soil as the control,and set up 7 treatments,trunk coated with white;stems wrapped in black film;wrapped with insulated cotton;backbone wrapped in white film;covered with insulated cotton;corn stalk 20 cm+covered;laying black plastic film,the effects of different cold-proof measures on the temperature of the soil layer near the grape root system,the changes of some physiological indexes of shoots and the growth of shoots were studied.The results showed that the temperature changes of the soil layer below the root depth of 5 cm and 20 cm underground were ranked as follows,corn stalk 20 cm+film covered,laying black plastic film>covered with insulated cotton>control,stems wrapped in black film,wrapped with insulated cotton,trunk coated white,backbone wrapped in white film.A comprehensive evaluation was performed using the cold-resistance membership function method.The cold-resistance effect was ranked as stems wrapped black film>corn stalk 20 cm+film covered,laying black plastic film>wrapped with insulated cotton>backbone wrapped in white film>covered with insulated cotton>control>trunk coated with white.After the winter,the germination rate of the grapes wrapped with insulated cotton was the highest,the shoots did not show mildew,and the shoots were neat.Considering the proposal,it is recommended to cover the roots with corn stalk 20 cm+covered with plastic film or covered with black plastic film on roots were suggested in plastic greenhouses in winter buried areas in the north.Open field cultivation were suggested to be covered with t insulated cotton,but it was necessary to further study according to the actual climate conditions in various regions.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：高美英（1964-），女，山西大同人，硕士，副教授，硕士生导师，现主要从事葡萄栽培与生理等研究工作。E-mail：gmycxj@163.com.责任作者：纪薇（1983-），女，陕西三原人，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，现主要从事葡萄栽培与生理等研究工作。E-mail：jiweiputao@163.com.基金项目：山西农业大学青年拔尖创新人才支持计划资助项目(TYIT201401)；山西省重点研发计划（指南）资助项目（201703D221014-4）；山西省高等学校优秀青年学术带头人资助项目(2017)。收稿日期：2018-10-18