MA Xiaoyan,WANG Junling,GUO Xiurui,et al.Ammonia Emission From Outdoor Cabbage Soil in Beijing Area Based on Different Nitrogen Application Rate[J].Northern Horticulture,2017,41(13):140-147.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20164671]
不同施氮情景下北京地区露地甘蓝土壤氨的排放
- Title:
- Ammonia Emission From Outdoor Cabbage Soil in Beijing Area Based on Different Nitrogen Application Rate
- Keywords:
- amount of nitrogen applied; outdoor cabbage; ammonia volatilization; ammonia emission flux
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以露地甘蓝土壤为试材，采用原位测定农田氨挥发的方法，研究北京地区不同施氮情景下、不同施肥阶段露地甘蓝生长过程中土壤氨挥发情况及其时间变化规律。结果表明：1）甘蓝地土壤氨挥发主要发生在施肥后1～3周内，基肥阶段的氨挥发主要发生在施肥后18 d，追肥阶段的氨挥发发生在施肥后7 d；2）甘蓝地施用基肥至定植灌水前，各地块氨排放通量逐渐降低，尤其是第4天氨排放通量都达到最低；定植灌水后，各地块氨排放通量显著升高，且在施基肥后第5～6天（灌水后第1天）出现第一个排放峰值；3）第一次追肥（施肥与灌水同步）氨排放通量峰值出现在第1天；第二次追肥受灌溉及温度的共同影响，氨排放通量峰值出现在第3天；4）甘蓝整个生长周期内不同施氮情景下各地块土壤氨排放总量为7.789～39.324 kg?hm-2，并且随施氮量的增加而增加，各情景的氨累计挥发率为5.62%～6.78%；5）适当施用氮肥可以提高甘蓝的产量，但是过度施用氮肥不仅不会增加甘蓝产量，还会增加氨挥发量。
- Abstract:
- The soil of open cabbage was used as material,the characteristics of soil ammonia volatilization in different stages of cabbage were studied under its different nitrogen application scenarios in Beijing by the means of filed in site dertermination.The results showed that,ammonia volatilization in cabbage soil occurred mainly within 1—3 weeks after fertilization,the period of accumulated ammonia volatilization was 18 days in basal manure after fertilization and 7 days top-dressing.In the first 4 days after fertilization,the ammiona emission flux decreased gradually;after the planting and irrigation,the ammonia flux of each scenario increased significantly,the first emission peak appeared on the 5—6 days after application of base fertilizer.The peak flux of soil ammiona emission appeared in the first day the first top-dressing；the second top-dressing was influenced by irrigation and temperature,and the peak of ammiona emission flux appeared on the third day.Soil ammonia emissions total amounts of cabbage under its different nitrogen application scenarios was 7.789-39.324 kg?hm-2.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,and ammonia cumulative discharge rate of 5.62%-6.78%.Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the yield of cabbage,but excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer would not only increase cabbage yield,but also increase ammonia volatilization.
参考文献/References:
[1]UTSUNOMIYA A,WAKAMATSU S.Temperature and humidity dependence on aerosol composition in the northern Kyushu Japan[J].Atmospheric Environment,1996,30:2379-2386. [2]赵晴.典型地区无机细粒子污染特征及成因研究[D].北京:清华大学,2010. [3]周杨.华北地区气溶胶理化特性、来源解析及实验室模拟[D].济南:山东大学,2012. [4]彭应登,杨明珍,申立贤.北京氨源排放及其对二次粒子生成的影响[J].环境科学,2000,21(6):101-103． [5]WU S Y,HUB J L,ZHANG Y,et al.Modeling atmospheric transport and fate of ammonia in North Carolina-Part II：Effect of ammonia emissions on fine particulate matter formation[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(12):3437-3451. [6]孙庆瑞,王美蓉.我国氨的排放量和时空分布[J].大气科学,1997,21(5):590-598． [7]董文煊,邢佳,王书肖.1994—2006年中国人为源大气氨排放时空分布[J].环境科学,2010,31(7)：1457-1463． [8]张灿,周志恩,翟崇治,等.重庆市主城区NH3 排放估算及分布特征分析[J].环境污染与防治,2013,35(10):65-70． [9]尹沙沙,郑君瑜,张礼俊,等.珠江三角洲人为源氨排放清单及特征[J].环境科学,2010,31(5):1146-1151． [10]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2012[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2012. [11]ZHU J H,LI X L,CHRISTIE P,et al.Environmental implications of low nitrogen use efficiency in excessively fertilized hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)cropping systems[J].Agric Ecosyst Environ,2005,111:70-80. [12]李晓林,张福锁,米国华.平衡施肥与可持续蔬菜生产[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2000. [13]王利民,黄东风,罗涛,等．不同施肥措施下菜地CO2排放通量的变化特征[J].福建农业学报,2015，30(4):373-379. [14]ZHANG Y,DORE A J,MA L,et al.Agricultural ammonia emissions inventory and spatial distribution in the North China Plain[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(2):490-501． [15]KLIMONT Z.Current and future emissions of ammonia in China[C].The 4th Workshop on the Transport of Air Pollutants in Asia.Luxembourg,Austria:International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis,2001． [16]杜连凤,赵同科,张成军,等.京郊地区3种典型农田系统硝酸盐污染现状调查[J].中国农业科学,2009，42(8):2837-2843. [17]李若楠，张彦才，黄绍文，等．氮肥施用对露地秋季大白菜产量和硝酸盐积累及氮素利用的影响[J]．华北农学报,2010,25(增刊):220-225． [18]熊正琴.稻麦轮作农田中肥料氮去向的定量评价及环境后果[D].北京:中国科学院,2002. [19]田玉华,周伟,尹斌.田间原位测定氨挥发的装置及方法:102207454A[P].2011-10-05. [20]奚振邦,施秀珠,黄伟祥,等.应用微气象学方法测定尿素的氨挥发损失[J].上海农业学报,1987,3(4):47-56. [21]王峰,陈玉真，吴志丹,等.酸性茶园土壤氨挥发及其影响因素研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35（4）：808-816. [22]曹兵,贺发云,徐秋明,等.露地种植大白菜的氮肥效应与氮素损失研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报，2007,13(6):1116-1122. [23]李德军.珠江三角洲森林和蔬菜地土壤一氧化氮排放[D].广州:中国科学院,2007. [24]王新超,马春雷,杨亚军,等.茶树细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶（CsCDK）基因cDNA全长克隆与分析[J].园艺学报,2012,39(2):333-342.
相似文献/References:
[1]崔兴国,马光.不同尿素施用量对鸭梨产量和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(11):165.
CUI Xing-guo,MA Guang.Effect of Different Application Rate of Urea on the Yield and Quality of Pears[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(13):165.
[2]姜 宗 庆１,２,蔡 志 林 ３,等.施 氮 量 对 花 椰 菜 生 长 和 产 量 的 影 响[J].北方园艺,2011,35(24):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.2011024061]
,,et al.Ｅ ｆ ｆ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｓ ｏ ｆ Ｎ ｉ ｔ ｒ ｏ ｇ ｅ ｎ Ａ ｐ ｐ ｌ ｉ ｃ ａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ Ａ ｍ ｏ ｕ ｎ ｔ ｏ ｎ Ｇ ｒ ｏ ｗ ｔ ｈ ａ ｎ ｄ Ｙ ｉ ｅ ｌ ｄ ｏ ｆ Ｃ ａ ｕ ｌ ｉ ｆ ｌ ｏ ｗ ｅ ｒ[J].Northern Horticulture,2011,35(13):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.2011024061]
[3]孙世卫,高雪艳,芦站根.不同施氮量对番茄品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2011,35(11):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.2011011011]
SUN Shi-weiI,GAO Xue-yan,LU Zhan-genl.Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertili~tion Levels on Quality of Tomato Cultivated in Solar Greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2011,35(13):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.2011011011]
[4]何 盈,蔡 顺 香,何 春 梅,等.施氮量和 DCD 对蕹菜生长、硝酸盐累积及 土 壤 氮 素 形 态 的 影 响[J].北方园艺,2007,31(12):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.2007012004]
HE Ying,CAI Shun-xiang,HE Chun-mei,et al.Effects of Nitrogen Rate and DCD on Growth, Nitrate Accumulation of the Water Spinach and Soil Nitrogen[J].Northern Horticulture,2007,31(13):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.2007012004]
[5]孙虎.氮肥对番茄衰老调控及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2016,40(24):35.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201624009]
SUN Hu.Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Tomato Aging Control and Production[J].Northern Horticulture,2016,40(13):35.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201624009]
[6]张洋,孙小凤,张荣,等.不同燕麦-箭筈豌豆混播比例和施氮量在高寒地区的适应性评价[J].北方园艺,2017,41(22):37.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20171775]
ZHANG Yang,SUN Xiaofeng,ZHANG Rong,et al.Adaptability Evaluation of Different Mix Sowing Rates ofOat-vetch and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate in Alpine Region[J].Northern Horticulture,2017,41(13):37.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20171775]
[7]郭鹏飞,张筱茜,韩文,等.不同滴灌频率和施氮量对西葫芦生长发育的影响[J].北方园艺,2018,42(07):1.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20173352]
GUO Pengfei,ZHANG Xiaoqian,HAN Wen,et al.Effects of Different Drip-irrigation Frequency and Amount of Nitrogen on Growth and Development of Greenhouse Squash[J].Northern Horticulture,2018,42(13):1.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20173352]
[8]杨婷婷,王庆惠,陈波浪,等.氮肥运筹对库尔勒香梨产量和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2018,42(08):42.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20174829]
YANG Tingting,WANG Qinghui,CHEN Bolang,et al.Effect of Nitrogen Application Management on Yield and Quality of Korla Fragrant Pear[J].Northern Horticulture,2018,42(13):42.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20174829]
[9]朱金霞,孔德杰,李苗,等.施氮量对宁夏扬黄灌区紫薯产量性能及品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2018,42(24):48.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20181877]
ZHU Jinxia,KONG Dejie,LI Miao,et al.Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield Performance and Quality of Purple Potato in Yanghuang Irrigation Area of Ningxia[J].Northern Horticulture,2018,42(13):48.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20181877]
[10]张灿,樊惠,梁斌,等.京郊设施滴灌生菜氮素利用的季节性差异[J].北方园艺,2019,43(12):55.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20184050]
ZHANG Can,FAN Hui,LIANG Bin,et al.Seasonal Differences in the Response to Nitrogen Utilization in the Protected-field Lettuce Production[J].Northern Horticulture,2019,43(13):55.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20184050]
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：马晓燕（1991-），女，山西孝义人，硕士研究生，研究方向为大气污染控制工程。E-mail:annie_marise@foxmail.com.责任作者：王军玲（1962-），女，本科，研究员，研究方向为大气污染控制及环境规划与政策。E-mail:wangjunling@cee.cn.基金项目：国家科技支撑计划资助项目（2014BAC23B02）。