WANG Xiao-ling,GAO Zhu,YU Fa-xin,et al.Analysis on Annual Change in Aquatic Macrophytes and Heavy Metals Pollution of Nanji Poyang Lake[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(24):57-62.
鄱阳湖南矶水生植物年周期变化及重金属污染现状分析
- Title:
- Analysis on Annual Change in Aquatic Macrophytes and Heavy Metals Pollution of Nanji Poyang Lake
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009（2014）24-0057-06
- Keywords:
- Poyang lake; aquatic plants; annual change; heavy metals pollution
- 分类号:
- S 682.32
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为揭示鄱阳湖水生植物群落年周期变化及其重金属污染状况，采用定点观测方法，对鄱阳湖南矶4个碟形湖进行为期1年的调查，采用原子吸收分光光度法测定水体、电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定底泥和水生植物重金属Cu、Zn和Pb元素含量。结果表明：4个碟形湖水生植物主要有8科11属12种，其中莕菜、轮叶黑藻、大茨藻和苦草为优势水生植物种群。蝶形湖水深和透明度年周期变化呈现先升高后降低的趋势，其中7月水深最深为269.4 cm，透明度最大为170 cm，且随湖边向湖心水透明度呈升高趋势。水生植物生物量1—9月份增加，单位面积最大生物量为11 250.0 g/m2。优势沉水植物轮叶黑藻9月份株高和密度分别是104.7～124.5 cm和1 875～2 200根/m2。蝶形湖水体重金属Cu、Zn和Pb含量符合国家地表水环境质量I类标准，其Zn和Pb含量超出了渔业水质标准；与鄱阳湖流域底泥背景值相比，蝶形湖底泥中重金属含量呈现增加的趋势，增加的速度依次为Cu＞Zn＞Pb，3种重金属元素的生态毒性效应均达到了最低级别；轮叶黑藻对重金属Cu的富集能力最强，对Pb次之。
- Abstract:
- Fixed-point observation method was used to observe the four butterfly lakes of Nanji Poyang Lake for one year in order to reveal the annual changes of aquatic plants.Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to determinate the contents of heavy metals (Cu,Zn and Pb) in water,sediment and aquatic plants.The results showed that there were 12 species which belong to 11 genera of 8 families in four butterfly lakes.Nymphoides peltatum, Hydrilla verticillata, Najas marina and Vallisneria natans were their dominant plants.The water depth and transparency increased first and then decreased in one year.The maximum water depth and transparency were 269.4 cm and 170 cm respectively in July.Aquatic plants biomass was increasing from January to September.11 250.0 g/m2 was the maximum biomass.The average height and density of dominant Hydrilla verticillata was 104.7—124.5 cm and 875—2 200 root/m2 respectively in September.The content of Cu,Zn and Pb in water of butterfly lakes met with the environmental quality standard for grade I surface water,but the content of Zn and Pb were higher than the water quality standard for fisheries.At the same time,the contents of the analyzed heavy metals in sediment of butterfly lakes were all higher than their background values,indicating an accumulation trend.The order of increased speed in sediment was Cu＞Zn＞Pb.The results further revealed that the eco-toxicological effect of Cu,Zn and Pb had caused obvious hazard on bentonic organisms.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：王小玲（1979-），女，陕西白水人，博士，副研究员，现主要从事污染生态学等研究工作。E-mail：wangxiaoling1979@126.com.