LI Zhiying,WANG Yuejin.Observation of Development and Abortion Process of Embryo and Endosperm in ‘Fresno Seedless’ Grape[J].Northern Horticulture,2019,43(01):1-6.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20182170]
‘Fresno Seedless’葡萄幼胚和胚乳发育及败育的组织学观察
- Title:
- Observation of Development and Abortion Process of Embryo and Endosperm in ‘Fresno Seedless’ Grape
- Keywords:
- grapevine; seedlessness; cytology; embryo abortion; endosperm abortion
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以种子败育型无核葡萄品种‘Fresno Seedless’为试材，采用石蜡切片技术和铁矾媒苏木精染色法，对‘Fresno Seedless’葡萄的幼胚和胚乳的发育及败育过程进行了系统的细胞学观察，以期确定其幼胚和胚乳开始败育的时期。结果表明：‘Fresno Seedless’葡萄合子于花后16 d开始分裂，经过二细胞原胚、多细胞原胚，发育至球形胚时期，开始退化败育，时间为花后38 d；‘Fresno Seedless’葡萄初生胚乳核于花后4 d开始分裂，待胚乳细胞基本充满胚囊后开始退化败育，时间为花后32 d。胚囊内胚乳首先从胚囊珠孔端开始败育，随后合点端胚乳开始败育。因此，‘Fresno Seedless’葡萄的胚挽救最佳取样时期是花后32~36 d。该研究结果为利用‘Fresno Seedless’葡萄做母本进行胚挽救育种的大田取样时期提供了较为科学的参考依据。
- Abstract:
- Cytological observation of development and abortion of embryo and endosperm in ‘Fresno Seedless’ grape was conducted to research for the start time of abortion of embryo and endosperm via paraffin section and Heidenhain’s hematoxylin staining. The observation results indicated that the embryo abortion of ‘Fresno Seedless’ grape occurred at the globular embryo stage on 38 days AFB (days after full blooming) after the initial division of zygote on 16d AFB and following development at the two-celled proembryo stage and the multicellular proembryo stage. The endosperm nucleus began to divide on 4 days AFB and stopped on 30 days AFB when the embryo sac was full of cellular endosperm. The endosperm started to degenerate on 32 days AFB and the abortion generated from the micropylar end to chalazal end in embryo sac. It can be concluded that the optimal time of embryo rescue choosing ’Fresno Seedless’ as female parent was 32—36 days AFB. This study provided a scientific reference to the sampling time of embryo rescue to breed in field.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：李志瑛（1993-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为果树育种与生物技术。E-mail: 863675767@qq.com. 责任作者：王跃进（1958-），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为果树种质资源与生物技术。E-mail: wangyj@nwsuaf.edu.cn.资助项目：国家葡萄产业技术体系资助项目（CARS-29-yc-3）。收稿日期：2018―08―01