LI Huiping,WANG Yahui,XU Ping,et al.Rapid Identification and Application of Anti-mite Properties of Auricularia auricula Mycelium[J].Northern Horticulture,2026,(8):106-113.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20253490]
黑木耳菌丝抗螨性的快速鉴定及应用
- Title:
- Rapid Identification and Application of Anti-mite Properties of Auricularia auricula Mycelium
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2026)08-0106-08
- Keywords:
- Auricularia auricula; Tyrophagus; rapid identification; mite resistance identification; evaluation of germplasm resources
- 分类号:
- S646.6
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以48个黑木耳（Auricularia auricula）栽培品种为试材，采用室内培养板菌丝接螨法结合 “手机拍照+Image J 软件” 图像分析技术，研究了不同黑木耳栽培品种对 2 种害螨的兼抗特性，并开展抗螨性系统评价及室内鉴定方法构建，以期为黑木耳抗螨育种筛选优质亲本提供参考依据。结果表明：该研究成功建立黑木耳抗螨性室内快速鉴定方法，可通过手机拍摄螨害培养板图像，利用 Image J 软件批量量化菌丝受害面积并计算损失率，24 h 内可完成单份种质的抗螨性判定。该方法测定的危害等级与传统室内培养板法的抗性等级呈极显著正相关（腐食酪螨 r=0.86，同食酪螨 r=0.95，P＜0.001），可精准表征品种抗螨水平；48 份供试品种对2种螨虫的抗性分化显著，且多数表现敏感,腐食酪螨中抗品种10个（占比20.8%），同食酪螨抗与中抗品种共 20个（占比41.7%）；最终筛选出兼抗2种螨虫的中抗种质 8份（编号为A-26、A-32、A-35、A-36、A-44、A-50、AW137和AW138），未发现高抗材料。该研究建立的抗螨性鉴定方法为黑木耳抗螨育种提供了高效、客观的技术支撑，其鉴定出的兼抗核心种质为抗螨新品种培育提供关键亲本材料，对降低黑木耳生产中化学农药依赖、推动绿色防控技术应用具有重要实践意义。
- Abstract:
- Taking 48 cultivated varieties of Auricularia auricula cultivars as the test materials,by employing the mycelium mite-inoculation method on indoor culture plates combined with the image analysis technology of ‘mobile phone photography+Image J software’，the combined resistance characteristics of different A.auricula cultivated varieties to two mites were investigated，and a systematic evaluation of mite resistance as well as the establishment of a rapid indoor identification method for mite resistance was conducted，in order to provide a reference for screening high-quality parental materials in the mite-resistant breeding.The results showed that,a rapid indoor screening method was developed by inoculating mites onto mycelial cultures in Petri plates.Images of mite-damaged cultures were captured with smartphones and batch-analyzed with Image J to quantify mycelial damage area and calculate loss rate.48 A.auricula cultivars were systematically evaluated for resistance.The new protocol allowed a single accession to be phenotypic within 24 hours.Damage ratings obtained with the image-analysis method were extremely highly correlated with those from the traditional plate assay (r=0.86 for T.putrescentiae and r=0.95 for T.communis,P<0.001)，demonstrating its accuracy in discriminating resistance levels.Wide variation in resistance was observed among 48 strains，with most being susceptible,10 cultivars (20.8%) showed medium resistance to T.putrescentiae，whereas 20 cultivars (41.7%) were rated resistant or medium resistant to T.communis.Eight cultivars (A-26，A-32，A-35，A-36，A-44，A-50，AW137 and AW138) were identified as medium resistant to both mites；no highly resistant materials were found.The established protocol provides an efficient，objective tool for mite-resistance screening in A.auricula breeding.In this study，the identified dual-resistant core germplasm offers key parental resources for developing new mite-resistant varieties，reducing dependence on chemical pesticides and promoting green management in A.auricula production.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：李辉平（1982-），男，博士，副研究员，现主要从事食用菌遗传育种等研究工作。E-mail：lhp211@163.com.责任作者：曲绍轩（1982-），女，博士，研究员，现主要从事食用菌抗性育种和虫害绿色防控等研究工作。E-mail：qusx@jaas.ac.cn.基金项目：农业农村部园艺作物种质创制与利用重点实验室（部省共建）开放基金资助项目(AHYY2023006)；国家食用菌产业技术体系资助项目（CARS20）；国家自然科学基金面上资助项目（32573111）。收稿日期：2025-10-08