LI Chao,WANG Jiamin,BU Huilin,et al.Helianthus tuberosus Biochars and Their Impacts on Continuous-cropped Watermelon Seedlings Growth and Fusarium Wilt Resistance[J].Northern Horticulture,2025,(23):83-93.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20251901]
菊芋生物炭对连作西瓜生长及枯萎病的影响
- Title:
- Helianthus tuberosus Biochars and Their Impacts on Continuous-cropped Watermelon Seedlings Growth and Fusarium Wilt Resistance
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2025)23-0083-11
- 分类号:
- S 651
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以不同品种菊芋（Helianthus tuberosus）秸秆及其制备的生物炭为试材，采用组分测定、理化分析、盆栽试验与平板对峙相结合的方法，研究了菊芋秸秆生物炭对连作西瓜（Citrullus lanatus）幼苗生长及枯萎病发生的影响，以期为利用菊芋秸秆生物炭防控西瓜连作障碍提供参考依据。结果表明：不同菊芋秸秆生物炭的比表面积、孔径大小、孔体积均有不同，J13秸秆因高纤维素和半纤维素含量衍生出高比表面积与大孔体积的生物炭；所有生物炭处理均提高了西瓜幼苗生物量及根尖数，并降低了枯萎病的发病率与病情指数，J13处理效果最优；根际土壤中FON菌落数在J13处理下减少最多，平板对峙试验显示其抑菌率达47.06%，显著高于其他处理。综上，不同菊芋秸秆生物炭的理化特征与秸秆自身组分显著相关，且具有高纤维素和半纤维素含量的J13制备的高比表面积与大孔体积的生物炭对促进西瓜幼苗生长和减轻枯萎病发生的作用最显著，有望使J13成为最具应用潜力的生物炭材料，为作物秸秆的高值化利用和土传病害绿色防控提供了参考依据。
- Abstract:
- Taking different varieties of Helianthus tuberosus straw and its prepared biochar as test materials，the effects of Helianthus tuberosus straw biochar on the growth and wilt disease occurrence of continuous watermelon (Citrus lanatus) seedlings were studied through a combination of component determination，physical and chemical analysis，pot experiments，and plate confrontation,in order to provide a reference for using Helianthus tuberosus straw biochar to prevent and control watermelon continuous cropping obstacles.The results showed that significant variations in specific surface area，pore size，and pore volume among biochar types.J13 straw，characterized by high cellulose and hemicellulose content，produced biochar with superior specific surface area and macropore volume.All biochar treatments enhanced watermelon seedling biomass and root tip number while reducing Fusarium wilt incidence and disease index，with J13 exhibiting the most pronounced effects.Rhizospheric soil Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum (FON) colony counts decreased most significantly under J13 treatment，and its plate confrontation assay revealed a 47.06% inhibition rate，substantially higher than other treatments.In conclusion，the physicochemical properties of Helianthus tuberosus straw biochar strongly correlated with original straw composition.Biochar derived from J13 straw with high cellulose/hemicellulose content demonstrated optimal efficacy in promoting watermelon seedling growth and suppressing Fusarium wilt，positioning J13 as a highly promising biochar material.This study provided reference for high-value utilization of crop straws and green control strategies for soil-borne diseases.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：李超（1999-），男,硕士研究生,研究方向为蔬菜生理生态。E-mail：15263631544@163.com.责任作者：潘凯（1974-），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，现主要从事设施蔬菜栽培生理与生态等研究工作。E-mail：282015728@qq.com.基金项目：国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系专项资助项目（CARS-25）。收稿日期：2025-05-22