QIE Lijuan,WANG Shanshan,HAN Xiaoqian,et al.Effects of Chives Intercropping and Rotation on Watermelon Fusarium Wilt and Soil Fungal Community[J].Northern Horticulture,2025,(24):80-88.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20251522]
韭菜伴生和轮作对西瓜枯萎病和土壤真菌群落的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Chives Intercropping and Rotation on Watermelon Fusarium Wilt and Soil Fungal Community
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2025)24-0080-09
- Keywords:
- Chinese chive; rotation; companion; watermelon Fusarium wilt; soil enzyme activity; soil fungal community
- 分类号:
- S 651
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以韭菜和西瓜为试材，采用韭菜轮作（T1）、韭菜伴生（T2）和韭菜轮作+韭菜伴生（T3）方法，研究了韭菜轮作和伴生对连作西瓜枯萎病防效和土壤真菌群落的影响，以期为韭菜伴生和轮作对西瓜枯萎病的防效和机理提供参考依据。结果表明：3个处理均可有效防止枯萎病的发生，T1和T3推迟了枯萎病的发病时间，T3防效最好，与T2差异不显著，在结果初期、果实膨大期和果实采收期分别达到100.0%、93.8%和93.0%。3个处理均能提高土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性，提高土壤真菌群落多样性，其中T3较优。从结果初期到果实膨大期，各处理的土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性和酸性磷酸酶活性呈上升趋势，过氧化氢酶活性和土壤真菌群落多样性呈下降趋势。土壤真菌群落特异性T3>T1>T2>CK。CK、T2和T1、T3在门水平和属水平真菌群落结构差异显著。土壤真菌群落特异性、结构差异均与发病程度相关。3个处理改变了土壤真菌菌群的相对丰度，尤其降低了镰孢菌属（Fusarium）产毒菌群相对丰度，不同生育期，土壤真菌菌群的相对丰度存在差异。轮作和伴生均能改变土壤酶活性、真菌群落多样性、特异性、组成及结构，有效防控西瓜枯萎病的发生，其中T3效果较好，考虑实用性，韭菜轮作可以作为生产上一种有效防治西瓜枯萎病的措施。
- Abstract:
- Taking Chinese chive and watermelons as experimental materials，watermelon-Chinese chive rotation (T1)，watermelon companion cropping with Chinese chive (T2)，and a combination of both (T3) were used to study control efficacy of watermelon-Chinese chive rotation and watermelon companion cropping with Chinese chive on Fusarium wilt and its effect on soil fungal community，in order to provide reference for the prevention and mechanism of watermelon Fusarium wilt in watermelon-Chinese chive rotation and watermelon companion cropping.The results showed that three treatments could effectively prevent the occurrence of Fusarium wilt，T1 and T3 delayed the onset of the Fusarium wilt，T3 had the best effective and not significantly different from T2，reaching 100.0%，93.8% and 93.0% at the beginning of fructification，fruit swelling stage and harvest period，respectively.In each treatment，the activities of soil urease，catalase，sucrase，and acid phosphatase were raised，the soil fungal community diversification was improved，effects of T3 was better.From beginning of fructification to fruit swelling stage，the soil urease，sucrase and acid phosphatase activities of each treatment was increased，the catalase activity was decreased，the soil bacterial community diversifications showed a downward trend.Soil fungal community specificity showed T3>T1>T2>CK.At the phylum and genus levels，T1 and T3 fungal community structure varied significantly compared with CK and T2.Soil fungal community specificity and structural differences were all correlated with the degree of pathogenesis.Three treatments changed the relative abundance of soil fungal flora，and especially reduced the relative abundance of toxigenic groups (Fusarium).The relative abundance of soil fungal flora varied in different fertility periods.Both watermelon-Chinese chive rotation and watermelon companion cropping with Chinese chive could change the activity of soil enzymes，the diversity，specificity，composition and structure of fungal communities，and effectively prevent and control the occurrence of watermelon Fusarium wilt.The effect of T3 was better.Considering the practicability，watermelon-Chinese chive rotation should be an effective measure to control watermelon Fusarium wilt in production.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：郄丽娟（1982-），女，硕士，研究员，现主要从事设施蔬菜栽培等研究工作。E-mail:qielj2005@126.com.责任作者：韩建会（1954-），男，本科，研究员，现主要从事设施蔬菜栽培等研究工作。E-mail:hjh2006@126.com.基金项目：国家重点研发计划资助项目（2016YFD0201006）；国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系石家庄综合试验站资助项目(CARS-23-G17)；河北省现代农业产业技术体系设施蔬菜产业创新团队蔬菜设施结构优化及配套生产模式研发岗位资助项目（HBCT2023100202）；河北省第三批“巨人计划”蔬菜科研创新团队资助项目。收稿日期：2025-04-23