CAO Yonghua,YANG Zehua,YIN Xiaoning,et al.Effects of Different Branch Age and Fruting Branch Type on Photosynthesis of ‘Changfu No.2’ Apple Leaves and Fruit[J].Northern Horticulture,2025,(21):35-41.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20250997]
不同枝龄和结果枝型对“长富2号”富士苹果叶片光合及果实品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Branch Age and Fruting Branch Type on Photosynthesis of ‘Changfu No.2’ Apple Leaves and Fruit
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2025)21-0035-07
- Keywords:
- branch age; fruiting branch type; fruit quality; leaf photos ynthesis
- 分类号:
- S 66
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以“长富2号”苹果为试材，对直立枝、下垂枝和水平枝型的二至六年生结果枝叶片光合荧光特性、果实品质等生理指标进行比较研究，以期探明结果枝类型与枝龄对果树生理特性的影响规律。结果表明:水平枝二年生Pn最高，随枝龄缓降9.6%，直立枝三年生Pn达峰值，较二年生提升44.9%；直立枝、下垂枝型的Tr、Gs随枝龄增大呈增大趋势；3种枝型可变荧光Fv随着枝龄增大而增大；直立枝型的Fv/Fm较其他枝型低3.5%~5.8%；随着果树枝龄的增大3种枝型的果实单果质量呈逐渐减小的趋势；直立枝型、水平枝型的三年生枝龄果形指数最大；水平枝三年生单果质量最大、可溶性固形物含量最高，显著优于其他枝型；六年生枝龄维生素C含量较六年生提升39%~52%。枝龄和结果枝类型显著影响叶片光合与果实品质。光合及结果能力排序为水平枝>下垂枝>直立枝，二至三年生枝龄的果实单果质量、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量表现更佳。因此，果树修剪时优先保留水平枝结果枝组，及时更新超三年生枝条，合理调控五至六年生老枝占比，以此维持树冠光合效能，提升果实品质，实现优质高产。
- Abstract:
- Apple cultivar ‘Changfu No.2’ was used as the test material to comparatively study the physiological indexes such as the photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of leaves and fruit quality of the 2-6-year-old branches of the upright，pendulous，and horizontal branching types.The influence laws of the branching type and branch age on the physiological characteristics of fruit trees were explored.The results showed that the Pn of the horizontal branch was the highest in the 2nd year，followed by a slow decrease of 9.6% with the increase of branch age.The Pn of the vertical branch reached the peak in the 3rd year，which was 44.9% higher than that in the 2nd year.The Tr and Gs of the vertical and pendulous branches increased with the increase of branch age，respectively.The variable fluorescence Fv of the three branching types increased with the increase of branch age.The Fv/Fm of the vertical branching type was 3.5%-5.8% lower than that of the other branching types.The fruit weight of the three branching types showed a gradually decreasing trend with the increase of the branch age of the fruit tree.The fruit shape index of the 3-year-old branches of the vertical and horizontal branching types was the largest.The horizontal branch had the largest fruit weight and the highest soluble solids content in the 3rd year，which was significantly better than that of the other branching types.The vitamin C content of the 6-year-old branches was 39%-52% higher than that of the 2-year-old branches.Studies had showed that branch age and the type of fruiting branch significantly affect leaf photosynthesis and fruit quality.The order of photosy and fruiting ability was horizontal branch>downward branch>upright branch，and the fruit with a single fruit weight，fruit shape index，soluble solids content of 2-3 years old branches were better.It was recommended to retain the horizontal fruiting branch group preferentially when pruning fruit trees update branches older than 3 years in time，and reasonably regulate the proportion of old branches aged 5-6 years to maintain the photosynthetic efficiency of the，improve fruit quality，and achieve high-quality and high-yield.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：曹永华（1989-），男，硕士，高级工程师，现主要从事苹果栽培生理等研究工作。E-mail：790201238@qq.com.责任作者：马明(1965-)，男，本科，研究员，现主要从事果树栽培与生理等研究工作。E-mail：1594766816@qq.com.基金项目：国家重点研发计划资助项目（2022YFD1602107）；甘肃省科技特派团专项资助项目（22CX8NA026）；国家苹果产业技术体系平凉综合试验站资助项目（CARS-27）。收稿日期：2025-03-18