YANG Yanhong,PEI Baozhi,WANG Menghan,et al.Effects of High Temperature Stress on Pollen Mother Cell Meiosis and Pollen Viability of Brassica napus L.[J].Northern Horticulture,2025,(12):39-47.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20245037]
高温对油菜花粉母细胞减数分裂及花粉活力的影响
- Title:
- Effects of High Temperature Stress on Pollen Mother Cell Meiosis and Pollen Viability of Brassica napus L.
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2025)12-0039-09
- 分类号:
- S 565.4
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以油菜花蕾为试材，用人工气候箱进行高温（昼/夜，12 h/12 h；35 ℃/20 ℃）处理，采用卡宝品红、水溶性苯胺蓝及TTC（红四氮唑）染色法观察高温胁迫对油菜花粉母细胞减数分裂过程、胼胝质动态变化以及花粉活力影响，以期为掲示花期突遇高温导致油菜花粉败育的细胞学机制提供参考依据。结果表明：高温导致母细胞减数分裂过程出现染色体缺失、染色体分裂不均等和不对称、三分体及多分体等。高温处理油菜花粉活力为17.13%，正常油菜花粉活力为97.37%。高温处理的油菜花粉母细胞时期胼胝质较正常油菜厚，而且常见母细胞胼胝质破裂；二分体形成时期胼胝质沉积异常，产生不对等的二分体，有些二分体外围胼胝质较正常油菜厚；四分体时期胼胝质排布不均匀，导致小孢子大小不一。综上，高温胁迫导致了母细胞减数分裂过程紊乱、胼胝质发育异常及花粉活力下降。
- Abstract:
- Taking Brassica napus L. flower buds as experimental materials，high-temperature treatment was conducted in an artificial climate chamber simulating abrupt heat stress during flowering (day/night cycle 12 hours/12 hours；35 ℃/20 ℃).Carbol fuchsin staining，water-soluble aniline blue fluorescence staining，and TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) assays were used to investigate the effects of high-temperature stress on pollen mother cell meiosis，callose dynamics，and pollen viability，in order to provide reference for elucidating the cytological mechanisms underlying heat-induced pollen abortion in rapeseed.The results showed that high temperature disrupted meiosis in pollen mother cells，manifesting as chromosome deletion，unequal chromosome segregation，asymmetric division，and the formation of triads or polyads.Pollen viability under high-temperature treatment significantly decreased to 17.13%，compared to 97.37% in the control group.Abnormal callose deposition was observed at multiple developmental stages:thickened callose walls with frequent wall rupture at pollen mother cell stage；irregular callose accumulation leading to asymmetrical dyads，often accompanied by abnormally thickened peripheral callose at dyad stage；uneven callose distribution，resulting in microspores of heterogeneous sizes at tetrad stage.In conclusion，high-temperature stress induces meiotic disorder，aberrant callose dynamics，and severe impairment of pollen viability.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：杨延红(1978-)，女，博士，讲师，现主要从事植物生殖生物学等研究工作。E-mail：yanhongyang11@163.com.责任作者：姜倩倩(1983-)，女，博士，副教授，现主要从事果树抗逆生理生化等研究工作。E-mail:qiangqq5238@163.com.基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31301733)；潍坊学院博士基金资助项目(2012BS19)；山东省大学生创新创业训练资助项目(S202211067002)；山东省高等学校科技发展计划资助项目（J18KA157）。收稿日期：2024-12-20