LI Ying,GUO Weizhen,ZHAO Zezhao,et al.Changes of Starch Content and Establishment of Staining Pattern in Four Pear Varieties During Fruit Ripening[J].Northern Horticulture,2023,(03):24-30.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20221959]
四个梨品种果实成熟过程中淀粉含量变化及染色图谱构建
- Title:
- Changes of Starch Content and Establishment of Staining Pattern in Four Pear Varieties During Fruit Ripening
- Keywords:
- pear; starch content; maturity; starch staining pattern
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以中熟品种‘黄冠’和晚熟品种‘雪花’‘鸭梨’和‘迎霜’的果实为试材,测定其不同采收期果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量、淀粉含量,分析其变化规律及各指标间的相关性,并观察不同采收期果实切面I-KI溶液染色变化,综合评判各品种的成熟期及适宜采收期,以期了解梨果实成熟过程中淀粉的变化规律,探究利用碘-淀粉染色图判断梨果实成熟期的可行性。结果表明:1)随着采收期的延长,梨果实硬度逐渐下降,可溶性固形物含量逐渐升高,淀粉含量逐渐下降。2)淀粉含量的变化与其硬度和可溶性固形物含量变化存在较强的相关性;3)果实横切面的染色程度随成熟度的提高逐渐变浅。‘黄冠’和‘雪花’梨果实的淀粉水解先发生在果心周围,逐渐向外扩散,染色图呈现出较明显的区域和颜色变化。而‘鸭梨’和‘迎霜’梨果实染色区域变化不明显,呈现出整体颜色逐渐变浅的变化。根据梨果实染色情况将其划分为6个等级,染色等级为3时,适宜作为冷库长期贮藏,染色等级4~5时,适宜作为鲜食或加工。综上,果实淀粉含量的变化能够在一定程度上反映其果实成熟度及内在品质,但不同品种淀粉水解特性不同,利用淀粉染色图谱判断果实成熟期需依品种而定。
- Abstract:
- Taking the fruits of 4 pear varieties ‘Huangguan’ ‘Xuehua’‘ Yali’ and ‘Yingshuang’ as materials,the hardness,soluble solids content and starch content of the fruits at different harvest stages were measured,and the dyeing changes of I-KI solution on the fruit sections at different harvest stages were observed,in order to understand the change characteristics of starch during pear fruit ripening,the feasibility of judging pear fruit ripening stage by starch staining pattern was explored.The results showed that,1) with the extension of harvest time,the hardness and the content of starch of pear fruit had decreased gradually,the content of soluble solids had increased gradually.2) The change of starch content had a strong correlation with its hardness and soluble solids content.3) The dyeing degree of the cross section of the fruit gradually became lighter with the increase of maturity.The starch hydrolysis of ‘Huangguan’ and ‘Xuehua’ pear fruits first occurs around the core and gradually spreaded outward.The staining map showed obvious regional and color changes.While the ‘Yali’ and ‘Yingshuang’ fruits had no obvious change in the dyeing area,showed a gradual change in the overall color.According to the dyeing situation of the pear fruit,it was divided into six grades.When the dyeing grade was 3,it was suitable for long-term storage in cold storage,and when the dyeing grade was 4-5,it was suitable for fresh food or processing.In a word,the changes of fruit starch content could reflect the changes of fruit maturity and internal quality to a certain extent.Different varieties had different starch hydrolysis characteristics.The judgment of fruit maturity by starch staining pattern depended on the variety.
参考文献/References:
[1]MANN S S,SINGH B.Some aspects of devel opmental physiology of ‘LeCon te’ pear[J].Acta Hort,1985,158:211-215.[2]DAVIS M B,BLAIR D S.Cold storage problems with apples[J].Scientific Agriculture,1936(17):105-114.[3]王瑞庆,马书尚,张继澍.淀粉-碘染色法确定苹果成熟度[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(9):81-86,94.[4]何婉茹.千阳不同苹果品种成熟期淀粉染色图谱的建立[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.[5]徐昌杰,陈文峻,陈昆松,等.淀粉含量测定的一种简便方法:碘显色法[J].生物技术,1998(2):41-43.[6]丁平海,齐国辉,王国英,等.确定梨最佳采收期的生理依据和方法[J].河北林果研究,1998(3):3-5.[7]张鹏龙,陈复生,杨宏顺,等.果实成熟软化过程中细胞壁降解研究进展[J].食品科技,2010,35(11):62-66.[8]贾艳茹.鸭梨和京白梨果实质地变化及其细胞壁多糖降解特性研究[D].秦皇岛:河北科技师范学院,2012.[9]PARK D M.The fruit growth curve and changes in carbohydrates of the fruit of four pear cultivars[J].J Soc Hort Sci,1994(25):45-49.[10]齐秀东,魏建梅,赵美微,等.‘京白梨’果实后熟软化与糖、淀粉代谢及其基因表达的关系[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(13):2591-2599.[11]魏建梅,齐秀东,闫芳教.采后‘嘎拉’苹果果实糖和淀粉代谢及关键酶基因表达特性[J].北方园艺,2015(19):126-131.[12]SMITH A M,ZEEMAN S C,SMITH S M.Starch degradation[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2005,56:73-98.
相似文献/References:
[1]侯玉华,孙 正,张玉星.河北省果品梨流通体系的现状、问题及对策[J].北方园艺,2013,37(22):201.
HOU Yu-hua,SUN Zheng,ZHANG Yu-xing.Study on the Current Situation,Problems and Countermeasures of the Pear Circulation in Hebei Province[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(03):201.
[2]冯娟娟,刘军弟,霍学喜.世界主要落叶水果主产国生产与贸易预测分析[J].北方园艺,2014,38(04):195.
[3]王尚堃,杜红阳.“晚秋黄”梨省力化高效丰产栽培技术[J].北方园艺,2014,38(06):59.
[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(03):59.
[4]张晓峰,韩翔,张建光.不同土壤水分含量对黄冠梨叶片光合效率和抗氧化特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(10):7.
ZHANG Xiao-feng,HAN Xiang,ZHANG Jian-guang.Effect of Different Soil Moisture Contents on Net Photosynthetic Rate and Antioxidant Abilities in Huangguan Pear Leaves[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(03):7.
[5]贾春霞,张小珍,马春晖.梨园春季晚霜冻害发生与预防技术[J].北方园艺,2013,37(11):197.
JIA Chun-xia,ZHANG Xiao-zhen,MA Chun-hui.Causes and Preventing Techniques of Frost Injury in the Pear Orchard[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(03):197.
[6]刘珠琴,舒巧云,蒋国强,等.梨人工辅助授粉时间、花朵序位及方法研究[J].北方园艺,2012,36(01):35.
LIU Zhu-qin,SHU Qiao-yun,JIANG Guo-qiang,et al.Study on the Pear Assisted Pollination Time, Flowers Ordinal and Method[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,36(03):35.
[7]李金龙,马光恕.不同储藏方式对梨果实硬度及PPO活性的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(09):164.
LI Jin-long,MA Guang-shu.Effect of Different Storage Methods on the Fruit Firmness and PPO Activity of Pear[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(03):164.
[8]董晓勤,周 鹏,仇宗浩,等.两个品种绿皮梨及其红色芽变品种光合生理特性的比较[J].北方园艺,2013,37(20):1.
DONG Xiao-qin,ZHOU Peng,QIU Zong-hao,et al.Comparison of Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Two Varieties of Green Pears and Their Red Mutations Varieties[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(03):1.
[9]徐凌飞,李致慧,贾东峰,等.梨矮化砧木云南榅桲离体快繁研究[J].北方园艺,2012,36(05):113.
XU Ling-fei,LI Zhi-hui,JIA Dong-feng,et al.Study on in vitro Propagation of Yunnan Quince as a Dwarf Rootstock of Pear[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,36(03):113.
[10]王俊英,李富军.1-甲基环丙烯对“丰水梨”冷藏品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2012,36(18):165.
Influence of -MCP on Hosui Pear Storage Quality.[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,36(03):165.
备注/Memo
第一作者简介:李莹(1989-),女,硕士,工程师,现主要从事果树育种及栽培技术等研究工作。E-mail:liying19891120@126.com.责任作者:赵京献(1969-),男,硕士,正高级工程师,现主要从事经济林育种及栽培技术等研究工作。E-mail:zhjx6902@163.com.基金项目:河北省重点研发计划资助项目(21326308D-1-6);河北省现代农业产业技术体系梨创新团队建设资助项目(HBCT2021210403);农业科技成果转化资金资助项目(21626808D,21626803D)。收稿日期:2022-05-12