YIN Xiaodong,JIAO Jiaguo,CHEN Sen,et al.Aerobic Composting of Garden Waste and Development of Flower Seedling Substrate[J].Northern Horticulture,2021,(07):72-80.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20202127]
园林废弃物的好氧堆肥及花卉育苗基质研发
- Title:
- Aerobic Composting of Garden Waste and Development of Flower Seedling Substrate
- Keywords:
- garden waste; aerobic composting; sediment; seedling substrate
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以园林废弃物为研究对象，采用高温好氧堆肥发酵技术对园林废弃物进行无害化处理，然后与底泥、泥炭、珍珠岩复配成不同育苗基质进行角堇和西洋滨菊的育苗试验，研究了堆肥手段和基质化开发对园林废弃物的影响，以期为园林废弃物探索合理的利用方式。结果表明：在添加氮素和微生物菌剂等辅料的情况下，园林废弃物好氧堆肥发酵的高温阶段维持时间为40 d，最高温度为75.4 ℃。堆体pH从8.05上升至9.05，EC值从0.95 mS?cm-1下降至0.63 mS?cm-1。堆肥产物有机质含量减少，总养分含量略微上升，为20.30 g?kg-1。从堆体颜色、温度、腐殖酸、种子发芽率来看，堆体达到了基本腐熟的条件；T1～T5（园林废弃物和底泥不同比例混合的基质）中，角堇出苗率范围为47.00%～86.67%，T5最低，T4最高，CK为40.33%；西洋滨菊的出苗率范围为45.67%～55.67%，T5最低，T2最高，CK为35.00%。T1～T5中，角堇的百株总鲜质量范围为2.05～6.40 g，T1最低，T5最高，CK为16.89 g；西洋滨菊的百株总鲜质量范围为1.54～11.77 g，T3最低，T5最高，CK为31.27 g。总的来说，园林废弃物的高温堆肥处理方法简单有效，能达到初步腐熟的条件，其堆肥产品需要添加一定比例的其它有机物料，其花卉育苗基质的效果更佳。
- Abstract:
- The garden waste was used as the research object，using high-temperature aerobic composting fermentation technology to treat the garden waste harmlessly，and then mixed with river sediment，peat and perlite to form different seedling substrate for the nursery experiment of Viola cornuta and Leucanthemum maximum，the impact of composting method and substrate development on garden waste was studied，in order to explore reasonable utilization of garden waste.The results showed that，in the case of supplementary materials such as nitrogen and microbial inoculant，the high temperature stage maintenance time was 40 days，and the maximum temperature was 75.4 ℃.The pH of the reactor increased from 8.05 to 9.05，and the EC value decreased from 0.95 mS?cm-1to 0.63 mS?cm-1.The content of organic matter of the composting products decreased，and the total nutrient content of the composting products increased slightly to 20.30 g?kg-1.Judging from the color，temperature，humic acid and seed germination rate of the pile，the pile reached basic maturity conditions.Among T1 to T5(substrates mixed with garden waste and river sediment in different proportions)，the germination rate of Viola cornuta ranged from 47.00%-86.67%，T5 was the lowest，T4 was the highest，and CK was 40.33%；the germination rate of Leucanthemum maximum ranged from 45.67%-55.67%，T5 was the lowest，T2 was the highest，and CK was 35.00%.Among T1 to T5，the total fresh weight of the hundred strains of Viola cornuta ranged from 2.05 g to 6.40 g，T1 was the lowest，T5 was the highest，and CK was 16.89 g；the total fresh weight of the hundred strains of Leucanthemum maximumwas from 1.54 g to 11.77 g，the T3 was the lowest，T5 was the highest，and CK was 31.27 g.Generally，the high-temperature composting method for garden waste was simple and effective，and reach the condition of initial rot，but its composting products needed to add a certain proportion of other organic materials，and its effects in the flower seedling substrate was better.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：殷小冬（1996-），男，硕士，研究实习员，现主要从事废弃物处理及资源化利用等研究工作。E-mail：1553015412@qq.com.责任作者：焦加国（1981-），男，博士，研究员，现主要从事废弃物资源化利用等研究工作。E-mail：jiaguojiao@njau.edu.cn.基金项目：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(Y319005)。收稿日期：2020-05-24