WANG Fei,WANG Yanfeng,SHENG Chunge,et al.Effects of Antibiotics and Different Straws on Agronomic Traits of Agaricus bisporus[J].Northern Horticulture,2025,(16):55-61.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20244320]
抗生素和不同秸秆种类对双孢菇农艺性状的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Antibiotics and Different Straws on Agronomic Traits of Agaricus bisporus
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2025)16-0055-07
- Keywords:
- antibiotics; straw; physicochemical properties of substrate; agronomic traits of fruiting body
- 分类号:
- S 646
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以双孢菇为试材，以3种农作物（玉米、小麦、水稻）秸秆和2组牛粪（一种有残留的抗生素，另一组没有）为基质，通过秸秆和牛粪混合发酵的方法制备发酵料，用所得发酵料栽培双孢菇。测定发酵开始前、发酵完成（开始栽培）、采收完成时基质的理化性质，统计不同处理双孢菇的生育期和农艺性状，研究了不同秸秆种类和牛粪中残留的抗生素（莫能菌素）对栽培基质理化性质和双孢菇生产的影响，以期为双孢菇的栽培提供参考依据。结果表明：牛粪中残留的抗生素对基质的总碳、总氮、C/N比、pH和含水量均有显著影响（P<0.05），对双孢菇的产量和生育期均产生了负面影响，在3种秸秆中，玉米秸秆和小麦秸秆的栽培效果优于水稻处理，产量最高的无抗生素牛粪+小麦秸秆（MW）处理的生物学转化率是最低的有抗生素牛粪+水稻秸秆（DY）处理的4.66倍。综上，在使用牛粪作为原料制备双孢菇发酵料的过程中，牛粪中残留的抗生素会影响发酵的效果，并持续影响后续的食用菌栽培，因此，在农业循环体系中减少抗生素的使用有利于提高资源化效率和环境安全性。
- Abstract:
- Taking Agaricus bisporus as the test material,one group of feed was added with antibiotic monensin，and the other group was not added.Two groups of beef cattle manure were collected and mixed with corn straw，wheat straw and rice straw for fermentation for 42 days.After the fermentation was completed，the fermentation product was used as a substrate to cultivate Agaricus bisporus.The physical and chemical properties of the substrate were measured before the start of fermentation，the completion of fermentation (start of cultivation) and the completion of harvest.The growth period and agronomic traits of A.bisporus under different treatments were counted.The effects of different straw types and residual antibiotics (monensin) in cow dung on the physical and chemical properties of the cultivation substrate and the production of A.bisporus were studied,in order to provide reference for cultiration of Agaricus bisporus.The results showed that the residual antibiotics in cow dung had an effect on the total carbon，total nitrogen，C/N ratio，pH and water content of the substrate (P<0.05) and had a negative impact on the yield and growth period of A.bisporus. Among the three straws，the cultivation effect of corn straw and wheat straw cultivation was better than that of rice treatment.The biological conversion rate of cattle manure without antibiotics+wheat straw treatment with the highest yield was 4.66 times that of cattle manure with antibiotics+rice straw treatment with the lowest yield.In conclusion,the antibiotics used in the process of beef cattle breeding will be excreted with feces.The residual antibiotics in livestock and poultry feces have a negative impact on the substrate utilization of edible fungi in the process of resource utilization.Therefore，reducing the use of antibiotics in the agricultural cycle system is conducive to improving resource utilization efficiency and environmental safety.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：王菲（1990-），女，硕士，研究实习员，现主要从事食用菌栽培基质及秸秆、食用菌菌渣的综合利用等研究工作。E-mail：wangfei90wf@163.com.责任作者：王延锋（1973-），男，博士，研究员，现主要从事食（药）用菌遗传育种、栽培技术及菌渣综合利用等研究工作。E-mail：mdjnks@126.com.基金项目：国家食用菌产业技术体系资助项目（CARS-20）；黑龙江省财政科研业务费资助项目（CZKYF2022-F08）。收稿日期：2024-11-04