LI Yan,SHI Yan,XIANG Juan,et al.Effects of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Chemical Fertilizer onFluvo-aquic Soil Properties，Yield and Quality of Pakchoi[J].Northern Horticulture,2023,(12):15-22.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20224324]
有机肥替代化肥对潮土性状及小白菜产量和品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Chemical Fertilizer onFluvo-aquic Soil Properties，Yield and Quality of Pakchoi
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以速生“绿秀”小白菜为试验材料，采用田间小区试验方法，设置空白对照（T1）、常规施肥（T2）、化肥优化施肥（T3）、替代15%有机无机配施（T4）、替代30%有机无机配施（T5）、替代15%氮（T6）、替代30%氮（T7）、替代30%磷（T8）、替代60%磷（T9）共9个处理，研究了有机肥替代化肥不同比例对潮土性状、小白菜产量和品质的影响，以期筛选出适宜当地的有机肥替代量。结果表明：有机肥替代处理的土壤有机质和阳离子交换量均得到显著提升，与对照相比，有机质含量提高了38.80%，阳离子交换量提高了90.48%；土壤容重和水溶性盐分没有一定的变化规律；除T8外，土壤的pH均高于化学优化施肥处理，各处理差异不显著；有机肥替代氮、磷处理的土壤全氮、全磷含量均高于对照和常规施肥，差异达显著水平，而土壤全钾含量差异不显著；在土壤速效养分方面，化学优化施肥处理能够提高土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量，分别比对照增加了32.83%、165.48%、59.30%，有机肥替代处理间，土壤有效磷含量随着有机肥替代化肥氮、磷比例的增加而降低，而速效钾变化趋势正好相反；增施肥料尤其是有机肥料能够显著提高小白菜产量，以T4处理小白菜产量最高，与对照相比，增幅为34.3%，与常规施肥相比，增幅8.06%，即有机肥替代15%有机无机配施经济效益较好；通过主成分分析和主要指标综合评价，各处理得分最高为T7，最低为T1。综上，以T7综合处理效果最佳，兼顾了小白菜的产量、品质和土壤良好理化性状，可作为区域叶菜推荐施肥技术方案。
- Abstract:
- The fast-growing ‘Green Show’ pakchoi was used as the experimental material,a plot experiment with nine treatments was conducted,including blank control (T1)，conventional fertilization (T2)，chemical fertilizer optimized fertilization (T3)，15% organic and inorganic fertilization (T4)，30% organic and inorganic fertilization (T5)，15% nitrogen (T6)，30% nitrogen (T7)，30% phosphorus (T8)，and 60% phosphorus (T9).The effects of different proportions of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizers on the properties of fluvo-aquic soil，yield and quality of pakchoi were studied,in order to screen out suitable local organic fertilizer replacement quantities.The results showed that the soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity of the organic fertilizer replacement treatment were significantly increased.Compared with the control，the organic matter content was increased by 38.80%，and the cation exchange capacity was increased by 90.48%.There had no certain change rule on the soil bulk density and water soluble salt.Except T8，the pH of soil was higher than that of chemical optimal fertilization treatment，and there was no significant difference among the treatments.The content of soil total N and P in the treatment of organic fertilizer replacing N and P was higher than that in the control and conventional fertilization，and the difference reached a significant level，while the difference of soil total K content was not significant.In terms of soil available nutrients，the content of soil alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen，available phosphorus，and available potassium were increased by the chemical optimized fertilization treatment,which were increased by 32.83%，165.48% and 59.30% respectively compared with the control.In the organic fertilizer replacement treatment，the content of soil available phosphorus was decreased with the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus，while the change trend of available potassium was just the opposite.Increasing the application of fertilizer，especially the organic fertilizer，could significantly improve the yield of pakchoi.The yield of pakchoi in T4 treatment was the highest，with an increase of 34.3% compared with the control，and 806% compared with conventional fertilization.The economic benefit of organic fertilizer replacing 15% organic and inorganic fertilizer was better.Through principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation of main indicators，the highest score for each treatment was T7，and the lowest score was T1.The T7 treatment had the best effect in this experiment，taking into account the yield，quality of pakchoi and good soil physicochemical properties.It could be used as a recommended fertilization technology for regional leafy vegetables.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：李妍（1979-），女，硕士，副研究员，现主要从事农业废弃物资源化等研究工作。E-mail：liyanweb@126.com.基金项目：天津市科技局科技支撑重点资助项目（20YFZCSN00740）。收稿日期：2022-10-24