LI Shuang,ZHANG Yanghong,CHEN Haowei,et al.Effects of Load on Fruit Quality and Mineral Nutrition of‘Jizhen 2’ Interstock ‘Tianhong 2’ Apple[J].Northern Horticulture,2023,(12):37-43.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20224028]
负载量对“冀砧2号”中间砧“天红2号”苹果果实品质和矿质营养的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Load on Fruit Quality and Mineral Nutrition of‘Jizhen 2’ Interstock ‘Tianhong 2’ Apple
- Keywords:
- apple; dwarf interstock; crop load; mineral elements; correlation
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以“天红2号”“冀砧2号”“八棱海棠”为试材,设计3个负载量水平处理(T1每1 cm2干截面积留0.6个果;T2每1 cm2干截面积留1.4个果;T3每1 cm2干截面积留2.2个果),研究了不同负载量对“冀砧2号”中间砧富士苹果叶片和果实矿质元素及果实品质的影响,以期为果园管理提供参考依据。结果表明:随着负载量的增加,果实单果质量、纵径、横径逐渐减小,果实硬度逐渐增加,可溶性固形物含量逐渐降低,果面亮度(L)先增加后减少,负载量对果实苹果酸含量、果实红色度(a)、黄色度(b)影响不大。T2处理叶片氮、磷和镁含量均处于较高水平,T3处理叶片铁、锌和锰含量均处于较高水平。果实矿质元素方面,与其它2个处理相比,T1处理果实中铁、硼含量最高,T2处理果实氮、钾含量最高,T3处理果实磷、钙、铜含量最高,负载量对果实镁和锌含量影响不大。叶片和果实矿质元素相关性会因负载量的不同而不同,因此,针对不同负载量,可以通过调控叶片矿质元素水平进而调控果实中矿质元素含量。
- Abstract:
- ‘Tianhong 2’ ‘Jizhen 2’ ‘Baleng Crabapple’ were used as materials,three load levels were designed (T1,0.6 fruits per square centimeter dry cross-sectional area;T2,1.4 fruit per square centimeter of dry cross-sectional area;T3,2.2 fruits per square centimeter of dry cross-sectional area).The effects of different loadings on mineral elements and fruit quality of Fuji apple leaves and fruits on ‘Jizhen2’ interstock were studied,in order to provide reference for the orchard managment.The results showed that with the increase of load,the fruit weight,longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter increased gradually,the fruit hardness increased gradually,the soluble solids content decreased gradually,and the fruit surface brightness (L) increased first and then decreased.The load had little effect on the fruit malic acid content,fruit redness (a) and yellowness (b).The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and magnesium in leaves of T2 treatment were at a high level,and the contents of iron,zinc and manganese in leaves of T3 treatment were at a high level.In terms of mineral elements in fruit,compared with the other two treatments,T1 treatment had the highest iron and boron content in fruit,T2 treatment had the highest nitrogen and potassium content in fruit,and T3 treatment had the highest phosphorus,calcium and copper content in fruit.The load had little effect on the content of magnesium and zinc in fruit.The correlation between mineral elements in leaves and fruits will vary with different loads.Therefore,for different loads,the content of mineral elements in fruits can be regulated by regulating the level of mineral elements in leaves.
参考文献/References:
[1]马宝焜,徐继忠,孙建设.关于我国苹果矮砧密植栽培的思考[J].果树学报,2010,27(1):105-109.[2]张学英,李中勇,邵建柱,等.苹果矮化砧木新品种‘冀砧2号’[J].园艺学报,2020,47(8):1625-1626.[3]李泰山,杜改改,刁松锋,等.负载量调控对杏李‘味帝’果实糖酸组分及风味的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(5):39-43,45-48.[4]王凯,李秀玲,张晓云,等.负载量对南疆矮化自根砧苹果树体生长、光合能力及果实发育和品质的影响[J].果树学报,2023,40(1):48-59.[5]刘丽,石彩云,魏志峰,等.负载量水平对矮化自根砧富士苹果生长发育和果实品质的影响[J].果树学报,2022,39(6):982-991.[6]丁宁,陈建明,丰艳广,等.矮化苹果负载量对氮素吸收、分配及利用的影响[J].园艺学报,2016,43(3):549-556.[7]霍常富,孙海龙,范志强,等.根系氮吸收过程及其主要调节因子[J].应用生态学报,2007(6):1356-1364.[8]伍涛,陶书田,张虎平,等.疏果对梨果实糖积累及叶片光合特性的影响[J].园艺学报,2011,38(11):2041-2048.[9]卢蒙蒙.红富士苹果化学疏花疏果技术和盛果期适宜负载量研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2021.[10] 姚芳兰,张高斌.富士苹果发育期和果径变化及气象服务要点[J].时代农机,2018,45(1):181.[11] 鲍民胡.“厂”字整形方式下负载量对“赤霞珠”葡萄矿质营养的影响[D].银川:宁夏大学,2016.[12] GONZLEZ M,CUEVAS J.Optimal crop load and positioning of fruit in cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) trees[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2008,115(2):129-134.[13] GOFFINET M C,ROBINSON T L,LAKSO A N.A comparison of ‘Empire’ apple fruit size and anatomy in unthinned and hand-thinned trees[J].Journal of Horticultural Science,1995,70(3):375-387.[14] 张秀美,王宏,刘志,等.岳阳红苹果矮化栽培与负载量关系研究[J].果树学报,2021,38(7):1077-1083.[15] 王庆江,樊慧敏,程璇,等.河北中南部太行山区富士苹果树营养诊断指标研究[J].北方园艺,2019(12):39-46.[16] 李祥.苹果树施肥要做到“八结合”[J].西北园艺(果树),2019(4):49-51.[17] 付璐璐,王小非,康慧,等.外源钙对平邑甜茶幼苗氮素吸收及利用的影响[J].果树学报,2020,37(11):1647-1654.[18] 陈海波,李婷.苹果树常见缺素症与防治[J].中国果菜,2018,38(6):57-59.[19] 李敏,厉恩茂,李壮,等.氨基酸钙叶面微肥对苹果缺素症的矫正及果实品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(11):180-182.[20] 彭红慧.‘蜜脆’苹果果实苦痘病发生机制初探[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2022.[21] 马建军,张立彬.野生欧李生长期矿质营养元素含量的变化[J].园艺学报,2004(2):165-168.
相似文献/References:
[1]曹慧,姜倩倩,张保仁,等.节水养根处理对苹果枝叶生长发育的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(04):1.
[2]王贵平,王金政,薛晓敏,等.叶面喷施甜菜碱对干旱胁迫下苹果幼树[J].北方园艺,2014,38(12):10.
WANG Gui-ping,WANG Jin-zheng,XUE Xiao-min,et al.Effect of Spraying Glycinebetaine on Physiological Responses of Apple Young Trees Under Drought Stress[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(12):10.
[3]李 莹,任亚梅,马学敏,等.1-MCP处理结合不同贮藏条件对苹果常温货架品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(11):137.
LI Ying,REN Ya-mei,MA Xue-min,et al.Effects of 1-MCP Treatment With Different Storage Conditions on Quality of Apple During Shelf Life at Room Temperature[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(12):137.
[4]党建美,胡清玉,张 瑜,等.炭疽菌叶枯病在我国苹果产区的发生分布及趋势分析[J].北方园艺,2014,38(10):177.
DANG Jian-mei,HU Qing-yu,ZHANG Yu,et al.The Occurrence Trend and Distribution of Apple Glomerella Leaf Spot in China[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(12):177.
[5]解贝贝,沙广利,戴洪义,等.六种无融合生殖砧木对‘嘎拉’苹果果实大小和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(17):23.
XIE Bei-bei,SHA Guang-li,DAI Hong-yi,et al.Effect of Six No Fusion Reproductive Rootstocks on the Fruit Size and Quality of ‘Gala’ Apple[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(12):23.
[6]冯娟娟,刘军弟,霍学喜.世界主要落叶水果主产国生产与贸易预测分析[J].北方园艺,2014,38(04):195.
[7]吕天星,王铭,伊凯.苹果杂种实生苗叶片性状遗传趋势研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(14):8.
LV Tian-xing,WANG Ming,YI Kai.Study on Genetic Trends of Leaf Traits in Apple Hybrid Seedling[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(12):8.
[8]史星雲,王立新,王亚杰,等.陕西省苹果主栽品种品质差异及相关性分析[J].北方园艺,2013,37(14):11.
SHI Xing-yun,WANG Li-xin,WANG Ya-jie,et al.Quality and Correlation Analysis of the Main Apple Cultivars in Shaanxi Province[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(12):11.
[9]隗晓雯,郭静,王菲,等.不同矮化砧木叶片酶活性与内源激素含量的差异[J].北方园艺,2013,37(14):16.
WEI Xiao-wen,GUO Jing,WANG Fei,et al.Difference of Enzyme Activity and the Content of Endogenous Hormones in the Leaves of Different Apple Dwarfing Rootstocks[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(12):16.
[10]刘 君,刁永强,陈淑英,等.伊犁河谷不同苹果品种苗木冻害调查及分析[J].北方园艺,2013,37(23):34.
LIU Jun,DIAO Yong-qiang,CHEN Shu-ying,et al.An Investigation and Analysis of Freeze Injury of Different Varieties Apple Seedlings in Ili Area[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(12):34.
[11]赵林,杨峰,樊继德,等.八种矮化中间砧对“礼泉富士”苹果幼树叶片光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2016,40(20):30.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201620008]
ZHAO Lin,YANG Feng,FAN Jide,et al.Influence of Eight Dwarfing Apple Interstocks on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Apple Cultivar ‘Li Quan Fuji’[J].Northern Horticulture,2016,40(12):30.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201620008]
备注/Memo
第一作者简介:李爽(1996-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为果树栽培生理与生态。E-mail:1771883276@qq.com.责任作者:徐继忠(1964-),男,博士,教授,现主要从事果树栽培生理与生态等研究工作。E-mail:xjzhxw@163.com.基金项目:财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-27)。收稿日期:2022-10-04