LI Zijie,CAO Shoujin,ZHOU Wei.Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Vaccinium ashei ‘Tifblue’[J].Northern Horticulture,2022,(09):33-39.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20214361]
兔眼蓝莓‘提夫蓝’组培快繁
- Title:
- Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Vaccinium ashei ‘Tifblue’
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以兔眼蓝莓‘提夫蓝’的幼嫩枝条为试材,采用不同浓度和种类的药剂、培养基及生长素进行组培的方法,研究了杀菌剂、培养基、生长激素对外植体灭菌、丛生芽诱发、组培苗继代繁殖、组培苗生根和组培苗移植的影响,以期为构建全面、高效的蓝莓快繁系统提供参考依据。结果表明:外植体最佳灭菌方法为10% NaClO溶液消毒15 min,污染量减少至17.34%,萌芽数为9.71个;蓝莓茎段中诱发形成丛生芽的最适宜培养基为1/2WPM+1.5 mg?L-1ZT+0.2 mg?L-1IBA,诱发成功率为68.36%;组培苗最适宜继代生长培养基为1/2WPM+0.1 mg?L-1 NAA+1.5 mg?L-1ZT,增殖倍数为5.53,平均株高达5.15 cm;而组培苗最适生根培养基为1/2WPM+0.5 mg?L-1IBA+200 mg?L-1活性炭(AC),其生根率、有效生根率、根长和生根数量分别为87.16%、87.16%、4.39 cm和6.32条;组培苗最适移栽基质是苔藓,移栽成活率可达93.47%。
- Abstract:
- The young branches of rabbit eye blueberry ‘Tifblue’ were used as experimental materials,the effects of fungicides,medium and growth hormone on explant sterilization,cluster bud induction,subculture propagation,rooting and transplantation of tissue culture seedlings were studied by tissue culture method with different concentrations and types of agents,culture media and auxin,in order to provide reference for the construction of comprehensive and efficient rapid propagation system of blueberry.The results showed that the best sterilization method for explants was 10% NaClO solution disinfection for 15 minutes,the pollution was reduced to 17.34%,and the number of germination was 9.71.The optimal medium for inducing tufted buds in blueberry stem segment was 1/2WPM+1.5 mg?L-1 ZT+0.2mg?L-1 IBA,and the success rate was 68.36%.The optimal subculture medium was 1/2WPM+0.1 mg?L-1 NAA+1.5 mg?L-1 ZT,the multiplication rate was 5.53,and the average plant reached 5.15 cm.The optimal rooting medium for tissue culture was 1/2WPM+0.5 mg?L-1 IBA+200 mg?L-1 activated carbon (AC),and the rooting rate,effective rooting rate,root length and number were 87.16%,87.16%,4.39 cm and 6.32,respectively.Moss was the best substrate for tissue culture and the survival rate was 93.47%.
参考文献/References:
<0.05)。此外,随着IBA浓度的增加,生根数量增加,但增加幅度差异不显著(P>0.05)。从表3还可以看出,在0.5 mg?L-1 IBA的1/2WPM培养基中添加不同浓度的AC对兔眼蓝莓试管苗生根有明显的促进作用,生根率和有效生根率均高达82%以上;生根数量随处理浓度升高而逐渐增多,200 mg?L-1 AC处理组,生根数量每株达到6.32条;根长呈先升高后降低的趋〖FL)〗〖KH-1D〗〖JZ(〗表2生长调节剂种类对丛生芽增殖的影响〖HT6SS〗Table 2Effects of different growth regulators on proliferation of shoot cluster〖JZ)〗〖HT6”SS〗〖BG(〗〖BHDFG10mm,WK18mm,WK24mm\.3,WK36mmDW,WKDWW〗编号No.〖〗NAA/(mg?L-1)〖〗ZT/(mg?L-1)〖〗6-BA/(mg?L-1)〖〗增殖系数Proliferation coefficient〖〗平均株高Average plant height/cm〖BHDG5mm〗1〖〗0.1〖〗1.0〖〗0〖〗3.97±0.22b〖〗4.51±0.59a〖BHDW〗2〖〗0.1〖〗1.5〖〗0〖〗5.53±0.31a〖〗5.15±0.64a〖BH〗3〖〗0.1〖〗2.0〖〗0〖〗4.12±0.25b〖〗4.63±0.41a〖BH〗4〖〗0〖〗1.0〖〗0〖〗4.21±0.17b〖〗2.09±0.36c〖BH〗5〖〗0〖〗1.5〖〗0〖〗4.39±0.18b〖〗2.31±0.40c〖BH〗6〖〗0〖〗2.0〖〗0〖〗4.08±0.30b〖〗2.15±0.31c〖BH〗7〖〗0.1〖〗0〖〗0.5〖〗2.84±0.14c〖〗3.25±0.38b〖BH〗8〖〗0.1〖〗0〖〗1.0〖〗2.51±0.11c〖〗3.13±0.27b〖BH〗9〖〗0.1〖〗0〖〗1.5〖〗1.79±0.23c〖〗3.07±0.45b〖BG)F〗〖HT〗〖KH-*2/3〗〖TP6-2.tif,BP#〗〖TS(3〗〖JZ(〗图2丛生芽增殖培养Fig.2Proliferation culture of shoot cluster〖HT〗〖JZ)〗〖TS)〗〖KH-*2〗〖JZ(〗表3IBA不同浓度对组培生根的影响〖HT6SS〗Table 3Effects of different concentrations of IBA on rooting in tissue culture〖JZ)〗〖HT6”SS〗〖BG(〗〖BHDFG10mm,WK11mm,WK20mm\.2DW,WK28mm\.3DW,WKDWW〗编号No.〖〗IBA/(mg?L-1)〖〗AC/(mg?L-1)〖〗生根率Rooting rate/%〖〗有效生根率Effective rooting rate/%〖〗根长Root length/cm〖〗生根数量Rooting number〖BHDG5mm〗1〖〗0.1〖〗0〖〗41.68±2.14c〖〗28.33±1.59c〖〗4.65±0.27a〖〗3.76±0.39c〖BHDW〗2〖〗0.3〖〗0〖〗44.15±2.39c〖〗31.48±2.01c〖〗4.24±0.39a〖〗4.12±0.27c〖BH〗3〖〗0.5〖〗0〖〗55.22±2.41b〖〗42.15±2.56b〖〗3.32±0.34bc〖〗4.21±0.46c〖BH〗4〖〗0.8〖〗0〖〗39.47±2.02c〖〗26.57±1.24c〖〗3.10±0.21bc〖〗4.31±0.60c〖BH〗5〖〗1.0〖〗0〖〗37.34±1.95c〖〗23.69±1.47c〖〗2.87±0.36c〖〗4.38±0.35c〖BH〗6〖〗0.5〖〗100〖〗82.69±2.46a〖〗82.69±2.46a〖〗4.17±0.18a〖〗5.26±0.59b〖BH〗7〖〗0.5〖〗200〖〗87.16±1.95a〖〗87.16±1.95a〖〗4.39±0.39a〖〗6.32±0.37a〖BH〗8〖〗0.5〖〗300〖〗84.32±1.32a〖〗84.32±1.32a〖〗3.96±0.34ab〖〗5.31±0.82b〖BG)F〗〖HT〗〖TP6-3.tif,BP#〗〖TS(3*2〗〖JZ(〗图3IBA不同浓度对组培生根的影响Fig.3Effects of different concentrations of IBA on rooting in tissue culture〖HT〗〖JZ)〗〖TS)〗〖FL(2K2〗势,200 mg?L-1的AC处理组根系最长(4.39 cm)。综合分析认为,带腋芽的茎段接种到1/2 WPM+ 0.5 mg?L-1IBA+200 mg?L-1 AC的培养基上培养,是诱导瓶内生根的最佳的培养方式,其生根率、有效生根率、根长和生根数量分别达87.16%、87.16%、4.39 cm和6.32条,且根系较发达、粗壮,见图3。〖BT2〗2.4生根苗室外移栽驯化蓝莓瓶内生根苗经炼苗移栽到5种不同基质上,40 d后统计成活率以及生长量。从表4可以看出,移栽基质苔藓成活率最高,达93.47%,蓝莓苗叶色浓绿,长势健壮。效果其次的是泥炭与珍珠岩组合及泥炭与河沙组合,其成活率分别为78.39%和74.76%,长势健壮、叶片较绿。效果最差的是泥炭与园土组合及泥炭与蛭石组合,其成活率分别为64.23%和62.45%,长势较健壮、叶片淡黄。可见,苔藓为蓝莓组培苗的较佳移栽基质(图4)。〖LL〗〖TP6-4.tif,BP#〗〖TS(4〗〖JZ(〗图4生根苗移栽驯化Fig.4Transplanting and domestication of rooted seedlings〖HT〗〖JZ)〗〖TS)〗〖BT1〗3讨论与结论目前,兔眼蓝莓的组培快繁系统已在MS、1/2MS、WPM、1/2WPM等基础培养基上成功建立。兔眼蓝莓的‘Britewell’‘Climax’在WPM培养基上具有较高的诱导度和生长系数[6]。但〖FL)〗〖SD33*2〗〖JZ(〗表4生根苗移栽驯化〖HT6SS〗Table 4Transplanting and domestication of rooted seedlings〖JZ)〗〖HT6”SS〗〖BG(〗〖BHDFG10mm,WK53mm,WK35mm\.2DW,WKW〗移栽基质Transplanting medium〖〗移栽数量Transplanting number〖〗成活率Survival rate/%〖〗生长状况Growth conditions〖BHDG5mm〗V(泥炭Peat)∶V(河沙River sand)=1∶1〖〗100〖〗74.76±2.45b〖〗长势健壮、叶片较绿〖BHDW〗V(泥炭Peat)∶V(园土Garden soil)=1∶1〖〗100〖〗64.23±3.16c〖〗长势较健壮、叶片淡黄〖BH〗V(泥炭Peat)∶V(蛭石Vermiculite)=2∶1〖〗100〖〗62.45±2.98c〖〗长势较健壮、叶片淡黄〖BH〗V(泥炭Peat)∶V(珍珠岩Perlite)=2∶1〖〗100〖〗78.39±3.47b〖〗长势健壮、叶片较绿〖BH〗苔藓 Moss〖〗100〖〗93.47±1.62a〖〗长势健壮、叶片浓绿〖BG)F〗〖HT〗〖KH-*2〗〖FL(2K2〗‘Powderblue’‘Premier’在1/2 WPM具有更好的增殖和生根效果[17],所以,该试验采用1/2WPM作为基本培养基。寻找合适的杀菌剂及灭菌时机是达到较高灭菌效果的必要条件。以蓝莓茎段为外植体进行消毒处理时,可先用70%~75%酒精溶液灭菌15~30 s,再用0.1% HgCl2灭菌8 min达到较好效果,兔眼蓝莓茎段污染率较低(14.3%),成活率达85.7%,但之后的诱导率偏低[10]。蓝莓外植体也可以用75%酒精溶液处理50 s,再用10% NaClO处理15 min,降低污染率的同时也能保证相对较高的诱导率,最后诱导出的材料最多[19]。当蓝莓外植体采用70%酒精溶液浸泡30 s,2% NaClO溶液浸泡10 min,0.1% HgCl2溶液浸泡10 min后,污染率最低,成活率最高[20]。依据前者试验结果,该研究选用10% NaClO溶液或0.1% HgCl2溶液作为消毒剂进行对比,使用10% NaClO溶液处理时间为15 min时,消毒效果最好,污染率仅有17.34%,腋芽诱导率为68.36%,且平均萌芽数为9.71个,而使用0.1% HgCl2溶液消毒,蓝莓茎段的诱导率和萌芽数方面均不如前者,消毒时间过长时,有一定数量外植体直接死亡,且消毒后难以去除残余的汞,导致后期存活率降低[21]。因此,以10% NaClO溶液对蓝莓外植体消毒15 min的效果最佳。细胞分裂素对蓝莓组培苗腋芽的诱导增殖和生长均起重要作用[22]。研究结果显示,1/2WPM基础培养基对蓝莓组培苗腋芽诱导效果显著好于WPM,这可能是由于盐离子的浓度过高,造成了较高的渗透压,从而一定程度上抑制了植物细胞的分裂分化[6]。ZT诱导腋芽萌发效果要好于IBA,ZT与IBA组合使用,腋芽的萌发率与萌发数均高于ZT与IAA的组合[13],该试验采用1.5 mg?L-1 ZT和0.2 mg?L-1 IBA组合,诱导率达68.36%。6-BA对提高蓝莓生长、增殖的速率效果显著低于添加ZT,并且在1.5 mg?L-1 ZT基础上,添加0.1 mg?L-1 NAA有利于提高增殖系数和植株高度[6]。ZT对蓝莓丛生芽的诱导和增殖具有显著效果。添加ZT通常能够使得植物长势更为优异,如在其它培养条件适宜的情况下,ZT能明显影响蓝莓离体繁殖的增殖效率和植株长势[ 23]。同时ZT是不定芽增殖培育中的关键因素,其浓度对叶片数、叶长和增殖系数均有显著的影响,而NAA浓度仅〖JP+2〗对苗高影响显著,不是蓝莓增殖培育中的主要影响因子[5]。该研究表明蓝莓‘提芙蓝’丛生芽增殖培养的最适培养基为〖JP〗WPM+0.1 mg?L-1 NAA+1.5 mg?L-1 ZT。生根困难是蓝莓组织培养过程中,需要克服的一个关键问题。影响蓝莓生根培育的因素有许多,包括了基础培养基类型、植物激素种类和含量等,以及各因素之间的相互影响作用,其复杂程度较高[24]。该研究发现,将蓝莓‘提芙蓝’带腋芽的茎段直接在0.1~1.0 mg?L-1 IBA的培养基中培养时,生根率较低(最高为55.22%),有效生〖JP3〗根率(平均生根数≥3条)更低(最高为42.15%);在〖JP〗0.5 mg?L-1 IBA的培养基中添加200 mg?L-1活性炭(AC),生根率及有效生根率最高达87.16%,且生根条数较多,根系粗壮,优于直接在IBA的培养基中培养[11,17]。该研究结果表明,蓝〖JP3〗莓‘提芙蓝’生根培养的最适培养基为1/2WPM+〖JP〗0.5 mg?L-1 IBA+200 mg?L-1 AC。不同的移植基质对蓝莓成活率的影响也不同,例如当蓝莓的移植基质是草炭∶园土∶珍珠岩=2∶1∶0.5时,生根苗移栽成活率达到85.67%[14];移植基质为腐殖土∶园土=3∶1,保持相对湿度84%,最高温度35 ℃时,移植成活率超过85%[18]。生根苗在河沙∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=1∶1∶1的混合基质成活率可达92.22%,但移栽苗在苔藓中的长势最好[19],该研究表明苔藓为蓝莓组培苗的较佳移栽基质,成活率高达93.47%,蓝莓苗叶色浓绿,长势健壮。〖BT5〗参考文献〖HT6SS〗〖WTBZ〗[1]方瑞征.中国越桔属的研究[J].云南植物研究,1986,8(3):239-258.[2]BORNSEK S M,ZIBERNA L,POLAK T,et al.Bilberry and blueberry anthocyanins act as powerful intracellular antioxidants in mammalian cells[J].Food Chemistry,2012,134(4):1878-1884.[3]KADER F,ROVEL B,GIRARDIN M,et al.Fractionation and identification of the phenolic compounds of highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)[J].Food Chemistry,1996,55(1):35-40.[4]何梦铃,杨娜,刘小珍,等.兔眼蓝莓组培体系建立及多倍体诱导研究[J].现代农业科技,2019(23):59-61.[5]朱芳明,张太奎,刘惠民,等.兔眼蓝莓快繁技术研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2016,36(3):73-79.[6]李森,高丽霞,刘念,等.兔眼蓝莓 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[1]白宇清,王定跃,谢利娟.毛棉杜鹃茎段组织培养技术的研究[J].北方园艺,2020,44(08):66.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20192114]
BAI Yuqing,WANG Dingyue,XIE Lijuan.Study on the Stem in vitro Culture for Rhododendron moulmainense[J].Northern Horticulture,2020,44(09):66.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20192114]
备注/Memo
第一作者简介:李子杰(1995-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为观赏植物栽培与育种。E-mail:1134670214@qq.com.责任作者:曹受金(1972-),男,博士,教授,硕士生导师,现主要从事观赏植物栽培与育种等研究工作。E-mail:932143364@qq.com.基金项目:江苏省科技计划资助项目(SZ-SQ2019003)。收稿日期:2021-10-29