MEN Xiaopeng,CHEN Shanmei,HAN Zhenhai,et al.Demand Analysis and Development Thinking of Plant Protection Trusteeship of Apple Production in China[J].Northern Horticulture,2022,(04):138-143.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20213383]
我国苹果生产的植保托管需求分析与发展思考
- Title:
- Demand Analysis and Development Thinking of Plant Protection Trusteeship of Apple Production in China
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 植保环节是种植业产生环境污染和农产品质量安全风险的重要来源,水果是我国种植业的重要组成部分,果园植保高投入的特点使之成为制约种植业绿色发展的瓶颈。我国的水果生产以小农户为主,果园用药普遍存在不合理、不科学的问题,对其用药的管控难以有效实现。基于对主产区300余个苹果种植户的调查访问,首先回顾了我国苹果生产的发展历程和特点,分析了苹果生产中存在的问题,提出了小农户常规栽培管理是造成果园环境污染和水果质量安全隐患的主要原因的观点;其次从社会需要、农户需求、农户意愿3个层面分析了我国小农户苹果生产的植保托管需要,指出了构建果园植保托管体系的必要性;最后从我国水果产业绿色发展的视角,针对政府、服务者、农户3个行为主体提出了建议。
- Abstract:
- Plant protection is an important source of environmental pollution and quality and safety risks of agricultural products in planting industry.Fruit is an important part of planting industry in China.The characteristics of high investment in plant protection in orchards makes it a bottleneck restricting the green development of planting industry.Fruit production in China is dominated by small farmers,and irrational and unscientific drug use in orchards is common,so it is difficult to effectively control the drug use.Based on the investigation of more than 300 apple growers in the main producing areas,this study first reviewed the development history and characteristics of apple production in China,analyzed the problems existing in apple production,and put forward the view that the routine cultivation management of small farmers was the main reason for the environmental pollution of orchards and the hidden dangers of fruit quality and safety.Secondly,from the social need,farmers′ needs and farmers′ wishes,this study analyzed the needs of plant protection and trusteeship of apple production of small farmers in China,and pointed out the necessity of constructing orchard plant protection and trusteeship system;Finally,from the perspective of green development of China′s fruit industry,some suggestions were put forward for the government,service providers and farmers.
参考文献/References:
[1]国家发展和改革委员会价格司.全国农产品成本收益资料汇编2016—2018[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2019.[2]葛顺峰,姜远茂.苹果化肥农药减施增效技术途径与研究展望[J].植物生理学报,2016,52(12):1768-1770.[3]中国工程院园艺作物产业可持续发展战略研究课题组.园艺作物产业可持续发展战略研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.[4]赵政阳.中国果树科学与实践—苹果[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2015.[5]金文成.加快发展生产托管切实把小农户引入现代农业发展轨道[J].中国农民合作社,2021(3):19-22.[6]国家苹果产业技术体系.中国现代农业产业可持续发展战略研究—苹果分册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2017.[7]TONG A H.Factors influencing price of agricultural products and stability countermeasures[J].亚洲农业研究:英文版,2012(4):17-19.[8]张瑞雪.我国农产品价格风险管理研究[J].价格月刊,2019(4):18-22.[9]赵无忌.日本农产品区域品牌建设经验对优化长治小米品牌的启示[J].粮食问题研究,2021(1):35-39.[10]国家发展和改革委员会价格司.全国农产品成本收益资料汇编2019[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2019.[11]中华人民共和国农业部.中华人民共和国农业部公告第199号[EB/OL].https://www.moa.gov.cn.(2007-09-19)[2021-05-01].[12]张蕊,张术环.美国绿色农业政策及其对中国发展低碳农业的启示[J].世界农业,2011(7):36-39.[13]新华网.今年中央财政支出45亿元支持农业生产托管项目[EB/OL].http://www.news.cn.(2020-10-12)[2021-05-01].[14]李爽.云南省农业生产托管探索[J].农村经营管理,2017(9):18.[15]段盼云,张秀莉,雷国铨.茶园生态防控托管下的社会化服务模式创新:以福建司雷植保技术有限公司为例[J].安徽农学通报,2020,26(12):67-69.[16]赵瑞君,温少欣,刘建军,等.招远市果园统防统治社会化服务机制探析[J].农业科技通讯,2019(8):61-62.[17]于法稳.中国农业绿色转型发展的生态补偿政策研究[J].生态经济,2017,33(3):14-18.[18]PAGE G,KELLY T,MINOR M,et al.Modeling carbon footprints of organic orchard production systems to address carbon trading:An approach based on life cycle assessment[J].HortScience:A Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science,2011,46(2):324-327.[19]闵继胜,胡浩.中国农业生产温室气体排放量的测算[J].中国人口?资源与环境,2012,22(7):21-27.[20]PENNINGTON D W,POTTING J,FINNVEDEN G,et al.Life cycle assessment Part2:Current impact assessment practice[J].Environment International,2004,30(5):721-739.[21]孙明扬.基层农技服务供给模式的变迁与小农的技术获取困境[J].农业经济问题,2021(3):40-52.[22]汪涛,蒋雨东,廖小舒.农业社会化服务:小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接的有效途径[J].安徽农业科学,2020,48(12):252-254.
相似文献/References:
[1]温素卿.河北省苹果生产现状及发展对策研究[J].北方园艺,2007,31(01):0.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.200701015]
备注/Memo
第一作者简介:门小鹏(1989-),男,博士研究生,研究方向为苹果产业绿色化发展。E-mail:xpmen@cau.edu.cn.责任作者:王玉斌(1974-),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,现主要从事农业产业化和农业社会化服务等研究工作。E-mail:wyb@cau.edu.cn.基金项目:中国农业科研体系专项资金资助项目(CALS-27);公益性农业科研专项基金资助项目(201203075)。收稿日期:2021-08-18