[1]杜宏儒,刘利,李勃,等.过氧化尿素对葡萄幼树淹水胁迫的缓解效果[J].北方园艺,2020,44(01):21-26.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20191811]
　DU Hongru,LIU Li,LI Bo,et al.Effect of Urea Peroxide on the Relief of Submergence Stress in Grape Seedlings[J].Northern Horticulture,2020,44(01):21-26.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20191811]

点击复制

过氧化尿素对葡萄幼树淹水胁迫的缓解效果

《北方园艺》[ISSN:1001-0009/CN:23-1247/S] 卷: 第44卷期数: 2020年01 页码: 21-26 栏目: 出版日期: 2020-01-15

Title:: Effect of Urea Peroxide on the Relief of Submergence Stress in Grape Seedlings

作者:: 杜宏儒1; 2; 刘利2; 李勃2; 韩真2; 谢兆森1; （1.河北科技师范学院园艺科技学院，河北秦皇岛 066600；2.山东果树研究所，山东泰安 271000）

Author(s):: DU Hongru1; 2; LIU Li2; LI Bo2; HAN Zhen2; XIE Zhaosen1; (1.College of Horticulture Scisence and Technology,Hebei Normal University of Technology and Science,Qinhuangdao,Hebei 066600；2.Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai′an,Shandong 271000)

关键词:: 过氧化尿素; 葡萄幼树; 淹水胁迫; 缓解效果

Keywords:: urea peroxide; young grepe trees; submergence; alleviation effect

DOI:: 10.11937/bfyy.20191811

文献标志码:: A

摘要:: 以1年生‘夏黑’葡萄自根苗幼树为试材，采用盆栽淹水方法，设袋控过氧化尿素处理（T1）、撒施过氧化尿素处理（T2）、撒施普通尿素处理（T3）3个处理，以不施氮肥为对照（CK），研究在涝害过程中过氧化尿素对植株生长、根系活力以及叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明：淹水胁迫下施用过氧化尿素提高了土表水体溶解氧的含量，提高了叶绿素含量、根系活力等生理指标，可有效缓解植物在逆境中的伤害作用。施用过氧化尿素有效增加了土表水体溶解氧含量，整个处理期间袋控过氧化尿素氧含量始终处于较高水平且稳定持久。淹水胁迫下过氧化尿素处理的葡萄幼树根系活力明显优于对照且差异显著。淹水胁迫下，施用过氧化尿素处理的葡萄幼树叶片净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）下降幅度明显低于对照。施用过氧化尿素处理（T1、T2）叶绿素a和叶绿素b及叶绿素（a+b）含量分别比对照提高了75%、69%和41%、37%及63%、57%，差异显著。

Abstract:: Using the annual ‘summer black’ grape seedlings as experimental material，this experiment was carried out to study the effects of urea peroxide on plant growth，root activity and leaf photosynthetic characteristics under submergence stress by pot submergence.A total of 4 treatments were set in the experiment T1 bag-controlled urea peroxide treatment，T2 broadcast urea peroxide treatment，T3 broadcast ordinary urea treatment，and CK for the control without nitrogen fertilizer.Oxygen release characteristics，seeding growth，root activity，and photosynthetic data were measured under submergence stress.The results showed that the application of urea peroxide under the stress of flooding increased the content of dissolved oxygen in soil surface water，enhancing the content of chlorophyll，root activity and other physiological indicators，which could effectively alleviate the damage of plants in the adverse environment.The application of urea peroxide effectively increased the dissolved oxygen content of soil surface water，and the oxygen content of bag-controlled urea peroxide remained at a high level throughout the entire period.The root activity of grape saplings treated with urea peroxide under submergence stress was significantly better than that of the control group and the difference was significant.Under waterlogging stress，the net photosynthetic rate (Pn)，transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of leaves treated with urea peroxide were significantly lower than those of the control.The content of chlorophyll a (chlorophyll a) and chlorophyll b (chlorophyll a+b) of T1 and T2 treated with urea peroxide increased by 75%，69%，41%，37%，63% and 57%，respectively，compared with the control group.

参考文献/References:

[1]潘澜,薛立.植物淹水胁迫的生理学机制研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(10):2662-2672.[2]冯道俊.植物水涝胁迫研究进展[J].中国水运(学术版),2006(10):253-254,252.[3]生利霞,巴金磊,冯立国,等.低氧胁迫对樱桃根系呼吸功能及氮代谢的影响[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,33(Z1):23-27.[4]CARVALHO L C,AMANCIO S.Antioxidant defence system in plantlets transferred from in vitro to ex vitro:Effects of increasing light intensity and CO2 concentration[J].Plant Science,2002,162:33-40.[5]张晓平,王沁峰,方炎明,等.淹水胁迫对浙江种源鹅掌楸光合特征的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2007(3):136-138.[6]任贵军.淹水胁迫对银杏叶绿素含量及荧光特性的影响[J].辽宁林业科技,2018(4):38-40.[7]肖元松,彭福田,束怀瑞,等.过氧化尿素对桃幼树淹水胁迫的缓解效果研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):502-510.[8]许海涛,王友华,许波,等.水涝渍害对夏玉米生理特性和主要产量性状指标的影响[J].大麦与谷类科学,2018,35(6):7-11,29.[9]张林.水稻涝害的危害症状及防治措施[J].农业灾害研究,2018,8(2):54-55,65.[10]李艳,杜远鹏,付艳东,等.不同砧木嫁接的赤霞珠葡萄对淹水的生理响应[J].园艺学报,2013,40(11):2105-2114.[11]赵世杰,史国安,董新纯.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2002.[12]邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.[13]赵锋,王丹英,徐春梅,等.水稻对过氧化尿素用量的响应特征[J].中国稻米,2010,16(1):4-8.[14]肖元松.增氧栽培对桃根系构型及植株生长发育影响的研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2015.[15]JACKSON M,ARMSTRONG W.Formation of aerenchyma and the processes of plant ventilation in relation to soil flooding and submergence[J].Plant Biol (Stuttg),1999,1(3):274-278.[16]徐春梅,陈丽萍,王丹英,等.低氧胁迫对水稻幼苗根系功能和氮代谢相关酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(8):1625-1634.[17]阮成江,谢庆良.土壤水分对沙棘成活率及抗逆生理特性的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2002(4):341-345.[18]NIEVA F J J,CASTILLO J M,LUQUE C J.Ecophysiology of tidal and non-tidal populations of the invading cordgrass Spartina densiflora:Seasonal and diurnal patterns in a mediterranean climate[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2003,57(5):919-928. [19]KOZLOWSKI T T.Responses of woody plants to flooding and salinity[J].Tree Physiology Monograph,1997(1):1-29.[20]ISLAM M A,MACDONALD S E.Ecophysiological adaptations of blackspruce (Picea mariana) and tamarack (Larix laricina) seedlings toflooding[J].Trees,2004,18:35-42.[21]张晓平.不同种源鹅掌楸和杂种鹅掌楸对淹水胁迫的响应[D].南京:南京林业大学,2004.[22]樊明寿,张福锁.植物通气组织的形成过程和生理生态学意义[J].植物生理学通讯,2002(6):615-618.[23]李艳,付艳东,马艳春,等.淹水对不同葡萄砧木生长及光合特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(5):995-1004.[24]FARQUHAR G D,SHARKEY T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1982,33:317-345.[25]AHMED S,NAWATA E,HOSOKAWA M,et al.Alterations in photosynthesis and some antioxidant enzymatic activities of mungbean subjected to waterlogging[J].Plant Science,2002,163(1):117-123.[26]刘雪,彭冶,范俊俊,等.淹水胁迫对湖北海棠生长和生理特性的影响[J].经济林研究,2018,36(1):35-42.[27]刘春风.淹水对15个树种苗木生长和形态特征的影响[D].南京:南京林业大学,2009.[28]汪贵斌,蔡金峰,何肖华.涝渍胁迫对喜树幼苗形态和生理的影响[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(1):134-140.

备注/Memo

第一作者简介：杜宏儒（1994-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为葡萄逆境生理与分子。E-mail:254081233@qq.com.责任作者：谢兆森（1979-），男，博士，教授，现主要从事果树水分生理与果实品质教学与科研等工作。E-mail:xiezhaosen@sina.com.基金项目：山东省农业重大创新资助项目；山东省重大科技创新工程资助项目（2018CXGC0208）；泰安市科技发展计划资助项目（2017NS0076）。收稿日期：2019-08-01

更新日期/Last Update: 2020-01-13