ZHANG Can,FAN Hui,LIANG Bin,et al.Seasonal Differences in the Response to Nitrogen Utilization in the Protected-field Lettuce Production[J].Northern Horticulture,2019,43(12):55-62.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20184050]
京郊设施滴灌生菜氮素利用的季节性差异
- Title:
- Seasonal Differences in the Response to Nitrogen Utilization in the Protected-field Lettuce Production
- Keywords:
- N application; lettuce; production; nitrogen utilization; seasonal variation
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 过量施用氮肥是造成土壤氮素累积和设施生菜产量和品质下降的一个重要原因，而不同季节设施生菜对于施用氮肥的反应可能存在明显的季节性差异。该研究通过秋冬季和春季两茬田间设施滴灌生菜试验，比较了2种（223、343 kg?hm-2秋冬季）和3种施氮水平（91、183、366 kg?hm-2春季）对不同季节设施生菜产量、养分吸收以及土壤氮素累积的影响。结果表明：不同季节生菜的经济产量和地上部生物量均随氮肥施用量的增加呈现先升后降的趋势，但生菜的产量和生长速率明显存在季节性差异。每生产1 t生菜，秋冬季N、K的吸收量分别为1.90、4.69 kg，春季分别为1.38、2.87 kg。减量施氮有效降低两季生菜土壤无机氮的残留累积，但秋冬季氮素转化速率较春季慢，土壤残留的铵态氮水平较高。该试验条件下设施滴灌生菜秋冬季和春季的合理施氮量范围在120~150 kg?hm-2，春季生菜比秋冬季需要相对较多的氮肥。
- Abstract:
- Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer input had resulted in accumulation of mineral N and reduced yield and quality of the lettuce planted in the protected-field.However,the response of lettuce to N fertilizer application rates varied with the different seasons.In the present study,field experiments including two nitrogen application levels (223,343 kg?hm-2N) in autumn-winter season and three nitrogen application levels (91,183,366 kg?hm-2 N) in spring season were conducted to evaluate the effect of seasonal variation and nitrogen application rates on lettuce yield,nutrient uptake and soil mineral N level.The results showed that the economic yields and shoot biomass of the lettuce increased up to the peak and then declined with the progressive increased N fertilizer applied rate.For 1 t lettuce production,the N and K uptake were 1.90 kg and 4.69 kg in autumn-winter season and 1.38 kg and 2.87 kg in spring season,respectively.Reducing applied N rate effectively decreased the soil residual mineral nitrogen in the two seasons of lettuce production.However,the nitrogen transformation rate was lower in autumn-winter season which led to higher soil residual NH+4-N level.The decreased nitrogen fertilizer effectively reduced the accumulation of soil inorganic nitrogen in two seasons.In this study,the reasonable nitrogen application for lettuce ranged from 120-150 kg?hm-2N under drip-irrigated condition,with relatively high rate in spring season,other than in autumn-winter season.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：张灿（1994-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为设施菜田土壤氮磷污染修复与防控。E-mail:964013970@qq.com.责任作者：陈清（1968-），男，博士，教授，研究方向为设施土壤修复与面源污染控制。E-mail:qchen@cau.edu.cn.基金项目：国家重点研发计划资助项目（2017YFD0201507，2016YFD0801006）。收稿日期：2019-03-06