LIU Yiying,SHEN Fabi,ZHU Haiyan,et al.Effects of Proton Radiation on the Growth and Morphology of Impatiens balsamina L.[J].Northern Horticulture,2026,(7):9-18.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20253256]
质子辐射对凤仙花生长和形态的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Proton Radiation on the Growth and Morphology of Impatiens balsamina L.
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2026)07-0009-10
- Keywords:
- Impatiens balsamina L.; proton radiation; mutagenesis
- 分类号:
- S681.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以红色单瓣凤仙花（Impatiens balsamina L.）为试材，采用能量为1 MeV的质子束对种子进行辐射处理，设置3.32×1015、9.96×1015 ions·cm-2和1.66×1016 ions·cm-2 3个剂量梯度，研究质子辐射对M1代和M2代凤仙花的生物效应，揭示质子束辐射对凤仙花表型性状的剂量效应规律及其变异的可遗传性,以期为辐射诱变育种中剂量优化与性状定向筛选提供参考依据。结果表明：在M1代中，质子辐射显著抑制处理的萌发率、存活率和株高，其中3.32×1015 ions·cm-2和9.96×1015 ions·cm-2处理萌发率分别显著降低35.00%和81.67%，1.66×1016 ions·cm-2处理种子完全丧失萌发能力；3.32×1015 ions·cm-2和9.96×1015 ions·cm-2剂量组的叶长、叶面积和叶片数显著降低，9.96×1015 ions·cm-2组叶宽与叶绿素含量亦与对照存在显著差异，其中叶宽显著降低26.63%，叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素分别显著上升12.68%、20.00%和16.67%。形态学观察显示，辐射处理导致子叶与真叶外观形变。花期参数分析表明，辐射使开花前天数离散度增大，并诱变出白色、粉色、紫红色等非红色花瓣表型。在M2代中，萌发率、存活率、株高、叶片形态指标及花粉结构与对照无显著差异，子叶与真叶的形态变异未遗传；但花色变异持续存在，Lab色度值显示辐射诱变导致花色向蓝绿色谱系偏移，并且3.32×1015 ions·cm-2和9.96×1015 ions·cm-2处理ΔE值分别为61.29和85.86，表明与对照花色的差异肉眼可察觉。
- Abstract:
- Taking red single-petal impatiens (Impatiens balsamina L.) as experimental material，seeds were irradiated with a proton beam at an energy of 1 MeV.Three dose gradients were set，3.32×1015，9.96×1015 ions·cm-2 and 1.66×1016 ions·cm-2，to investigate the biological effects of proton radiation on the M1 and M2 generations，to elucidate the dose-effect relationship of proton beam radiation on the phenotypic traits of impatiens and the heritability of the induced variations,in order to provide references for dose optimization and trait-specific selection in radiation-induced mutagenesis breeding.The results showed that in the M1 generation，proton radiation significantly inhibited germination rate，survival rate，and plant height in the treatment groups.Specifically，the germination rates in the 3.32×1015 ions·cm-2 and 9.96×1015 ions·cm-2 treatments were significantly reduced by 35.00% and 81.67%，respectively，while seeds in the 1.66×1016 ions·cm-2 treatment completely lost their germination ability.In the 3.32×1015 ions·cm-2 and 9.96×1015 ions·cm-2 treatment，leaf length，leaf area，and leaf number were significantly reduced.The 9.96×1015 ions·cm-2 treatment also showed significant differences in leaf width and chlorophyll content compared to the control：leaf width decreased significantly by 26.63%，while chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b，and carotenoid content increased significantly by 12.68%，20.00%，and 16.67%，respectively.Morphological observations revealed that radiation treatment caused deformations in the appearance of cotyledons and true leaves.Analysis of flowering parameters indicated that radiation increased the dispersion of days to flowering and induced non-red petal phenotypes，such as white，pink，and magenta.In the M2 generation，no significant differences were observed in germination rate，survival rate，plant height，leaf morphological indicators，or pollen structure compared to the control group，and the morphological variations in cotyledons and true leaves were not inherited.However，flower color variations persisted.Lab colorimetric values showed that radiation-induced mutagenesis caused a shift in flower color toward the blue-green spectrum，with ΔE values of 61.29 and 85.86 for the 3.32×1015 ions·cm-2 and 9.96×1015 ions·cm-2 treatments，respectively，indicating visually perceptible differences in flower color compared to the control group.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：刘艺颖（2002-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为花卉辐射诱变育种。E-mail：18848477121@163.com.责任作者：刘继恺（1983-），女，博士，副教授，现主要从事核技术应用等研究工作。E-mail：liujikai@swust.edu.cn.基金项目：四川省科技计划资助项目（2024NSFSC1308）；四川省重点研发资助项目（2023YFG035）；四川省辐射诱变育种技术培育平台资助项目（2021YFYZ0011）。收稿日期：2025-09-11