MA Youfu,ZHAO Bing,TIAN Jun,et al.Effects of Different Formulations of Water-soluble Fertilizers on Growth，Fruit Quality，and Soil Nutrients of Prune[J].Northern Horticulture,2025,(15):82-90.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20250228]
不同配方水溶肥对西梅生长、果实品质及土壤养分的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Formulations of Water-soluble Fertilizers on Growth，Fruit Quality，and Soil Nutrients of Prune
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2025)15-0082-09
- Keywords:
- prune; amino acid water-soluble fertilizer; fulvic acid water-soluble fertilizer; fruit quality; soil nutrients
- 分类号:
- S 662.4
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以六年生‘法兰西’西梅品种为试材，通过施加不同比例设置黄腐酸钾液、氮肥、磷肥、钾肥和氨基酸液6个处理，以施用清水为对照，研究不同处理对西梅树新梢长、叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）、叶片N含量、单果质量、果实品质及土壤养分含量的影响，以期为伊犁河谷西梅合理施肥提供参考依据。结果表明：6个处理西梅树新梢长、叶片SPAD值、叶片N含量、果肉铁含量、果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖等均高于对照，其中氨基酸液∶氮肥∶磷肥∶钾肥（1 000∶160∶50∶30）处理最高（除新梢长外），与对照差异显著；黄腐酸钾液∶氮肥∶磷肥∶钾肥（1 000∶100∶20∶30）处理果肉镁、钾含量、土壤硝态氮、有效铁含量最高。黄腐酸钾液∶氮肥∶磷肥∶钾肥（1 000∶160∶50∶30）处理土壤有效锌含量最高，为4.531 mg·kg-1；氨基酸液∶氮肥∶磷肥∶钾肥（1 000∶140∶30∶30）处理单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、果肉蛋白质含量、土壤铵态氮、有效磷最大，分别较对照高33.19%、16.96%、9.41%、26.08%、43.88%，该处理pH降幅最大。氨基酸水溶肥和黄腐酸钾水溶肥均可改善土壤理化性质，提高土壤肥力，促进西梅树体生长，提升果实品质，其中氨基酸液∶氮肥∶磷肥∶钾肥（1 000∶140∶30∶30）处理综合效果最佳。
- Abstract:
- Six-year-old ‘French Cherry’ plum trees were used as test materials.Various treatments involved applying different ratios of potassium humate solution，nitrogen fertilizer，phosphate fertilizer，potash fertilizer，and amino acid solution，with clear water as the control (CK).The effects of these treatments on shoot growth，relative chlorophyll content (SPAD)，leaf N content，single fruit weight，fruit quality，and soil nutrient content were studied,in order to provide reference for the rational fertilization of new plums in the Ili River Valley.The results showed that six treatments improved shoot growth，SPAD value，leaf N content，pulp iron content，fructose，glucose，and sucrose levels compared to CK.Among them，the treatment of amino acid solution∶nitrogen fertilizer∶phosphate fertilizer∶potash fertilizer (1 000∶160∶50∶30) achieved the highest values for most indicators (except shoot growth) and showed significant differences from CK.The potassium humatesolution∶nitrogen fertilizer∶phosphate fertilizer∶potash fertilizer (1 000∶100∶20∶30) treatment achieved the highest pulp magnesium and potassium contents，soil nitrate nitrogen，and available iron levels.The potassium humate solution∶nitrogen fertilizer∶phosphate fertilizer∶potash fertilizer (1 000∶160∶50∶30) treatment had the highest soil available zinc content at 4.531 mg·kg-1.The amino acid solution∶nitrogen fertilizer∶phosphate fertilizer∶potash fertilizer (1 000∶140∶30∶30) treatment achieved the maximum single fruit weight，soluble solids content，pulp protein content，soil ammonium nitrogen，and available phosphorus，which were 33.19%，16.96%，9.41%，26.08%，and 43.88% higher than CK，respectively.This treatment also resulted in the largest pH reduction.Both amino acid water-soluble fertilizer and potassium humate water-soluble fertilizer could promote the growth of new plum trees，improve soil physicochemical properties，enhance soil fertility，and increase fruit quality.Among them，the amino acid solution∶nitrogen fertilizer∶phosphate fertilizer∶potash fertilizer (1 000∶140∶30∶30) treatment had the best overall effect.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：马友福（1994-），男，硕士，工程师，现主要从事果树肥水利用与高效栽培技术等研究工作。E-mail:1786524203@qq.com.责任作者：卢磊（1984-），男，硕士，正高级工程师，现主要从事果树育种及高效栽培技术等研究工作。E-mail:345950885@qq.com.基金项目：伊犁州重点研发资助项目（YZ2022B003)；自治区天山英才资助项目（2022TSYCJC0038）。收稿日期：2025-01-21