HOU Yinjie,CHEN Xiaoyao,HUANG Xin,et al.Investigation on Botanical Characters of 85 Watermelon Germplasm Resources[J].Northern Horticulture,2025,(18):11-21.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20250079]
八十五份西瓜种质资源植物学性状调查
- Title:
- Investigation on Botanical Characters of 85 Watermelon Germplasm Resources
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2025)18-0011-11
- 分类号:
- S 651
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以85份西瓜种质（55份野生种质和30份栽培种质）为试材，采用随机区组的试验设计方法，研究了西瓜种质中生长习性、叶色、果实形状等 12 个质量性状的分级与赋值，并进行遗传多样性分析；同时研究了第一雌花节位、单果质量等 9 个数量性状的变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析及聚类分析，以期达到综合评价并筛选出表现突出的西瓜种质资源。结果表明：西瓜多样性指数的变化幅度在0.73～1.65，平均值为1.11，其中种皮底色多样性指数最大为1.65，叶裂刻多样性指数最小为0.73；数量性状变异分析结果显示变化范围在25.71%～100.36%，各性状之间多显著相关，如叶长和叶宽的相关系数为0.974，主成分分析共提取3个主成分，累计贡献率达到81.256%，综合评价筛选出10份果实产量高、植株生长旺盛的种质，分别为‘W001’‘148’‘W002’‘W018’‘W022’‘W013’‘C008’‘W019’‘D001’和‘三白’，85份西瓜种质聚类分为了四大类群，其中第3类综合评价得分较高。
- Abstract:
- Taking 85 watermelon germplasms (55 wild germplasms and 30 cultivated germplasms) as test materials，and adopting the experimental design method of randomized block，the grading and assignment of 12 qualitative traits such as growth habit，leaf color and fruit shape of watermelon germplasms were conducted，and the genetic diversity analysis was carried out；meanwhile，the variation analysis，correlation analysis，principal component analysis and cluster analysis of 9 quantitative traits such as the first female flower node and single fruit weight were studied,in order to achieve the purpose of comprehensive evaluation and screening of watermelon germplasms with outstanding performance.The results showed that the diversity index of watermelon varied from 0.73 to 1.65，with an average value of 1.11，among which,the diversity index of seed coat background color was 1.65 at the maximum and the diversity index of leaf fissure was 0.73 at the minimum.The results of variation analysis of quantitative traits showed that the range of variation was 25.71%-100.36%，and there were significant correlations among the traits.For example，the correlation coefficient of leaf length and leaf width was 0.974，three principal components were extracted by principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate reached 81.257%.Ten germplasm with high fruit yield and vigorous plant growth were screened out by comprehensive evaluation.They were ‘W001’‘148’‘W002’‘W018’‘W022’‘W013’‘C008’‘W019’‘D001’and ‘Sanbai’ respectively.Eighty-five watermelon germplasm clusters were divided into four groups，of which the third comprehensive evaluation score was obtained.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：侯尹婕（1999-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为西瓜种质资源调查与抗性鉴定。E-mail:2058376912@qq.com.责任作者：魏春华（1986-），男，博士，副教授，现主要从事蔬菜育种与生物技术等研究工作。E-mail:xjwend020405@nwafu.edu.cn.基金项目：宁夏农林科学院高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范资助项目（NGSB-2021-7）；国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目（CARS-25）。收稿日期：2025-01-08