LIU Yani,LI Fan,SHEN Tian,et al.Investigation and Analysis of Dryland Orchard Planting Management[J].Northern Horticulture,2023,(19):143-149.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20230416]
旱地果园种植管理调查分析
- Title:
- Investigation and Analysis of Dryland Orchard Planting Management
- 文章编号:
- 1001-0009(2023)19-0143-07
- Keywords:
- apple; planting management model; dryland orchard
- 分类号:
- S 661.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以洛川县凤栖镇生态环境相同的134户苹果园为调查对象，采用问卷调查的方式，分别从果农基本情况、果园基本情况、土壤管理、施肥管理以及病虫害防治5个方面展开调研，以期为旱地果园种植管理提供参考依据。结果表明:人均果园面积0.27 hm2，每户投入劳动力1.96个，大于45岁果农达70.99%；97.76%的农户选择自然生草的土壤管理模式，每年打草3~4次的农户占比达76.99%；基肥主要在采果后和萌芽前施用，分别占比47.76%和51.49%，基肥种类以复合肥和商品有机肥为主，施用率达86.57%和71.64%；88.81%的农户每年追肥1~3次，主要使用水溶肥作追肥，占比63.64%；常见病害有腐烂病、白粉病、早期落叶病等；常见虫害有蚜虫、金龟子、红蜘蛛等。综上所述，该调查为旱地果园高质量发展具有重要的指导意义。
- Abstract:
- Taking 134 apple orchards with the same ecological environment in Fengqi town，Luochuan county as the survey objects，we used questionnaires to investigate five aspects，namely，basic situation of farmers，basic situation of orchards，soil management，fertilizer management and pest control，in order to provide reference for dryland orchard planting management.The results showed that the per capita orchard area was 0.27 hm2，each household invested 1.96 laborers，and 70.99% of the farmers were older than 45 years old；97.76% of the farmers chose the soil management mode of natural grass，and 76.99% of the farmers mowed 3-4 times per year；the base fertilizer was mainly applied after fruit harvesting and before sprouting，accounting for 47.76% and 51.49% respectively，and the types of base fertilizer were compound fertilizer.The application rate was 86.57% and 71.64%；88.81% of the farmers applied fertilizer 1-3 times per year，mainly using water-soluble fertilizer as fertilizer，accounting for 63.64%；common diseases include rots，powdery mildew，early leaf drop，etc.；common insect pests include aphids，golden turtles，red spiders，etc.In summary，this survey has important guiding significance for the high-quality development of dryland orchards.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：刘亚妮(1996-)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为果树遗传育种与生物技术。E-mail:liu1055919987@163.com.责任作者：李明军(1981-)，男，博士，博士生导师，现主要从事果实糖酸等内在品质的形成与调控机制等研究工作。E-mail:limingjun@nwsuaf.edu.cn.基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(31872043)。收稿日期：2023-02-13