ZHANG Jingyun,GUAN Feng,SHI Bo,et al.Effects of Different Drying Methods on Functional Components and Nutritional Quality of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)[J].Northern Horticulture,2023,(09):89-96.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20223357]
热风干燥及真空冷冻干燥对苦瓜功能成分及营养品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Drying Methods on Functional Components and Nutritional Quality of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
- Keywords:
- bitter gourd; drying methods; functional components; functional component; nutritional quality
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以苦瓜自交系及其配制的杂交组合为试材,采用热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥的方法,研究2种干燥方式下苦瓜营养品质的变化,并进行相关性及主成分分析,以期充分挖掘苦瓜利用价值、促进苦瓜加工产业的发展,为加工型苦瓜的开发与利用提供参考依据。结果表明:同种干燥方式下,苦瓜自交系总皂苷含量显著高于对照(CK2)141.85%~161.18%、119.85%~135.01%,可溶性糖含量显著高于CK2 22.03%~142.78%、7.16%~22.45%;其配制的杂交组合总皂苷含量高于对照(CK1)60.00%~69.35%、49.04%~51.10%,可溶性糖含量比CK1高13.91%~27.24%、0.21%~2.44%;对比2种干燥方式,真空冷冻干燥下除含水量外,其它指标均高于热风干燥,说明不同干燥方式对果实的营养成分及活性物质影响差异较大,并且差异大小与品种存在相关性。进一步主成分分析显示,总皂苷含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、维生素C含量、粗纤维、有机酸、可溶性糖、Ca含量、Fe含量可作为苦瓜功能成分和营养品质的评价指标。综上所述,真空冷冻干燥更利于保持苦瓜果实原有品质,3个苦瓜杂交组合可以用于新品种开发,3个苦瓜自交系可以作为新品种选育的亲本。
- Abstract:
- Differential contents of functional components and nutrient substance in hybrid combination and inbred line of bitter gourd were analyzed by comparation two drying methods between hot-air drying and vacuum freeze drying.The correlation and principal component was analyzed,their correlation and principal component analysis was performed,in order to explore the utilization value of bitter melon and promote the development of bitter gourd processing industry and provide reference for development and utilization of processing-type in bitter gourd.The results showed that the contents of total saponins and soluble sugar in bitter gourd inbreds were significantly higher than that in CK2,with higher by 141.85%-161.18%,119.85%-135.01% and 22.03%-142.86%,7.16%-22.45%,respectively.The content of total saponins and soluble sugar in their hybrid combinations were 60.00%-69.35%,49.04%-51.10% and 13.91%-27.24%,0.21%-2.44% higher than CK1,respectively.Except water content,other indexes under vacuum freeze drying were higher than under hot air drying,indicating that different drying methods had a great difference in the impact of fruit nutrients and bioactive substances.Moreover,their differentiation was correlated with varieties.Further principal component analysis showed that contents of total saponin,soluble protein,vitamin C,crude fiber,organic acid,soluble sugar,Ca and Fe could be used as evaluation indexes of functional components and nutritional quality in bitter gourd.In conclusion,vacuum freeze-drying was more conducive to maintaining the original quality of bitter gourd in this study.Three bitter gourd hybrid combinations could be used for new variety development,and three bitter gourd inbred lines could be used as parents for new variety breeding.
参考文献/References:
[1]李洪铭,陈振华,段学民,等.苦瓜的药理作用及其在心血管疾病中的应用[J].江西科技师范大学学报,2019(6):71-78.[2]KKAN R,SAROLIA D K.Stability analysis in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)[J].Agricultural Research Journal,2019,56(3):392-400.[3]崔宏伟,韩汶延,于蕾,等.苦瓜化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J].世界科学技术-中医药现代化中药研究,2021,23(5):1712-1719.[4]潘雨萍,陆云凤,蔡晓凤.四种食物对妊娠期糖尿病的疗效观察[J].护理与康复,2010,(9)8:651-653.[5]尤玲玲,刘金福,王媛,等.苦瓜皂苷的纯化及降血糖活性的研究[J].食品研究与开发,2015,36(17):32-35[6]柴瑞华,肖春莹,关健,等.苦瓜总皂苷降血糖作用的研究[J].中草药,2007,39(2):746-747.[7]TAN M J,YE J M,TURNER N,et al.Antidiabetic activities of triterpenoids isolated from bitter melon associated with activation of the AMPK pathway[J].Chemistry Biology,2008,15(3):263-273.[8]TSAI T H,HUANG C J,WU W H,et al.Antioxidant cell-protective,and anti-melanogenic activities of leaf extracts from wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn.var.abbreviata Ser.) cultivars[J].Botanical Studies,2014,55(1):78-88.[9]AHEMD I,ADEGHATE E,A K Sharma,et al.Effects of Momordica charantia fruit juice on islet morphology in the pancreas of the streptozotocin diabetic rat[J].Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice,1998,40(3):145-151.[10]田力东,张名位,郭祀远,等.不同苦瓜品种的皂苷含量及对 α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制作用的比较[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(10):3415-3421.[11]刘慧娟,张名位,张瑞芬,等.不同苦瓜品种皂苷含量组成及其抗氧化活性和 α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(17):3413-3421.[12]曹晶晶,徐丽珊,沈佳鑫,等.不同苦瓜品种多糖与皂苷的含量差异及最佳采摘期研究[J].湖南农业科学,2014(2):63-66.[13]张武君,黄颖桢,林永胜,等.29个苦瓜品系不同部位皂苷含量比较分析[J].福建农业学报,2016,31(6):599-603.[14]江定,李光光,朱文斌,等.不同苦瓜营养成分与皂苷含量的差异分析[J].中国瓜菜,2020,33(6):34-40.[15]张瑜,关键,崔炯谟,等.HPLC 测定不同产地苦瓜中降糖活性成分苦瓜皂苷元 L 含量[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(5):620-622.[16]张中伟,谢明勇,王远兴,等.比色法测定苦瓜总皂苷[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),2005,29(5):447-449,453.[17]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.[18]柴瑞华,肖春,关健,等.苦瓜总皂苷降血糖作用的研究[J].中草药,2008,39(5):746-747,751[19]秦樱瑞,黄先智,曾艺涛,等.干燥方法对苦瓜降糖成分含量的影响[J].食品科学,2015,36(15):56-61.[20]蒋鹏飞,王赵改,史冠莹,等.不同干燥方式的苦瓜粉品质特性及香气成分比较[J].现代食品科技,2020,36(3):234-244.[21]杜小凤,吴传万,王连臻,等.苦瓜营养成分分析及采收期对苦瓜营养品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(1):226-231[22]向长萍,吴昌银,汪李平.苦瓜营养成分分析及利用评价[J].华中农业大学学报,2000,19(4):388-390.[23]李东阳,周艳,叶美菊.不同产地的苦瓜营养成分分析[J].微量元素与健康研究,2007,24(5):29-31.[24]张凤银,陈禅友,胡志辉,等.苦瓜种质资源的形态学性状和营养成分的多样性分析[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(4):183-188.[25]RODRIGUEA G,VASSEUR J,COURTOIS F.Design and control of drum dryers for the food industry[J].Journal of Food Engineering,1996,28(3/4):271-282.[26]效碧亮,彭丹,冉学贝,等.百合真空旋蒸干燥工艺优化[J].真空科学与技术学报,2020,40(5):405-415.[27]ANETA W,ADAM F,JAN O.Effect of drying methods with the application of vacuum microwaves on the bioactive compounds,color,and antioxidant activity of strawberry fruits[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2009,57(4):1337-1343.[28]OKABE H,MIYAHARA Y,YAMAUCHI T.Studies on the constituents of Momordica charantia L.Ⅳ.Characterization of the new cucurbitacin glycosides of the immature fruits.Structures of the bitter glycosides,momordicosides K and L[J].Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin,1982,30(12):4334-4340.
相似文献/References:
[1]刘萌芽,黄如葵,黄玉辉,等.正交直观分析法和新复极差法优化苦瓜SRAP反应体系研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(05):85.
LIU Meng-ya,HUANG Ru-kui,HUANG Yu-hui,et al.Orthogonal Design-direct Analysis and SSR for SRAP Amplification System in Momordica charantia[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(09):85.
[2]李文平,梁银丽,包天利.苦瓜营养品质和产量对土壤水分和结果期的响应[J].北方园艺,2014,38(08):9.
LI Wen-ping,LIANG Yin-li,BAO Tian-li.The Response of Fruit Nutritional Quality and Yield of Bitter Melon to Soil Moisture and Fruiting Stage[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(09):9.
[3]武鹏,方锋学,黄如葵,等.苦瓜离体再生体系建立的研究[J].北方园艺,2012,36(02):124.
WU Peng,FANG Feng-xue,HUANG Ru-kui,et al.Study on the Establishment of in vitro Regeneration System in Momordica charontia L.[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,36(09):124.
[4]刘子记,刘昭华,牛玉,等.不同苦瓜材料农艺性状调查及白粉病抗性分析[J].北方园艺,2013,37(19):117.
LIU Zi-ji,LIU Zhao-hua,NIU Yu,et al.Agronomic Traits Investigation and Powdery Mildew Resistance Evaluation of Bitter Gourd Germplasm[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(09):117.
[5]朱美霞,韩改英,王兰明,等.苦瓜afp1基因的克隆与序列分析[J].北方园艺,2012,36(24):120.
ZHU Mei-xia,HAN Gai-ying,WANG Lan-ming,et al.Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of afp1 Gene in Momordica charantiap[J].Northern Horticulture,2012,36(09):120.
[6]王芳,王丽媛,乔禹,等.苦瓜MAP30基因的密码子优化及在毕赤酵母中的表达[J].北方园艺,2013,37(24):112.
WANG Fang,WANG Li-yuan,QIAO Yu,et al.Codon Optimization and Expression of MAP30 in Pichia pastoris Expression System[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(09):112.
[7]李 梅,张 斌,罗智敏,等.天津地区早春大棚专用苦瓜品种筛选[J].北方园艺,2015,39(03):39.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201503011]
LI Mei,ZHANG Bin,LUO Zhi-min,et al.Screening of Bitter Gourd Dedicated Variety for Early-spring Greenhouse in Tianjin[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(09):39.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201503011]
[8]张景云,万新建,黄月琴,等.苦瓜强雌性系的研究进展[J].北方园艺,2015,39(04):183.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201504045]
ZHANG Jing-yun,WAN Xin-jian,HUANG Yue-qin,et al.Research Advance in Subgynoecious Line of Momordica charantia L.[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(09):183.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201504045]
[9]牛玉,戚志强,刘昭华,等.苦瓜无土栽培技术研究[J].北方园艺,2015,39(07):36.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201507011]
NIU Yu,QI Zhi-qiang,LIU Zhao-hua,et al.Study on the Soilless Cultivation Technology of Bitter Gourd[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(09):36.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201507011]
[10]王国莉,刘振昌,范红英,等.苦瓜育种新组合农艺性状的相关性分析[J].北方园艺,2015,39(14):22.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201514005]
WANG Guoli,LIU Zhenchang,FAN Hongying,et al.Correlation Analysis on Agronomic Traits of New Breeding Combinations in Momordica charantia L.[J].Northern Horticulture,2015,39(09):22.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.201514005]
备注/Memo
第一作者简介:张景云(1980-),女,博士,副研究员,现主要从事蔬菜遗传育种与生物技术等研究工作。E-mail:zhangjingyun0108 @126.com.责任作者:万新建(1971-),男,本科,研究员,现主要从事蔬菜遗传育种与生物技术等研究工作。E-mail:xinjian71 @163.com.基金项目:江西省科技厅资助项目(20212BBF63012);江西现代农业科研协同创新专项资助项目(JXXXTCXQN202004);国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-23)。收稿日期:2022-08-16