DONG Yuande,ZHOU Wei,GAO Yi.Microclimate Environment Test and Analysis of Solar Greenhouse Under Low Temperature and Less Illumination in Winter of the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang[J].Northern Horticulture,2022,(16):63-68.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20220678]
新疆天山北坡地区冬季低温寡照气候下日光温室小气候环境测试与分析
- Title:
- Microclimate Environment Test and Analysis of Solar Greenhouse Under Low Temperature and Less Illumination in Winter of the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang
- Keywords:
- Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang; solar greenhouse; microclimate; change rule
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以新疆天山北坡克拉玛依乌尔禾地区具有代表性的日光温室大棚为研究对象，采用基于物联网的日光温室环境智能监控系统监测日光温室内光照、温湿度、CO2浓度的变化，研究冬季低温寡照气候对日光温室内小气候的影响，以期为新疆天山北坡日光温室安全越冬生产、节能降耗提供参考依据。结果表明：全年室外气温最低且日照时数最短的室外气候条件下，测试期间温室内可接受到的光照时间内月平均光照强度为5 340 lx，不加温条件下，温室内平均温度为3.3 ℃，夜间最低温度达-3.9 ℃，CO2月平均浓度为627.45 μL·L-1，最大为1 065 μL·L-1，最小值为385 μL·L-1，早上掀帘前温室内CO2浓度达日最高水平，其下降速率最快的阶段是掀帘后的2~3 h。新疆天山北坡经济带冬季低温寡照气候条件下，日光温室内温度低且光照少导致作物生长慢，安全越冬生产需补充大量的热能，导致生产能耗和成本的增加，在了解温室内小气候变化规律的基础上，应采用有效的能耗控制策略，在满足作物生长的前提下最大程度的减小能耗，从而降低生产成本，提高温室的周年使用率。
- Abstract:
- Taking the representative solar greenhouse in Karamay area of the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain area in Xinjiang as the research object，the change of inside air temperature，humidity，illumination and CO2 concentration was tested by the intelligent monitoring system of solar greenhouse environment based on IOT.The influence of low temperature and low illumination climate on microclimate in solar greenhouse in winter was studied,in order to provide reference for the safe production in winter，energy saving and consumption reduction of solar greenhouse on the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang.The results showed that the greenhouse monthly average light intensity was 5 340 lx during the acceptable light time in the test.The average temperature in the greenhouse was 3.3 ℃，and the lowest temperature in the greenhouse at night was -3.9 ℃ without heating.The monthly average concentration of CO2 was 627.45 μL·L-1，the maximum was 1 065 μL·L-1，and the minimum was 385 μL·L-1.The concentration of CO2 in the greenhouse reached the highest level of the day before the curtain was lifted in the morning，and the fastest decreasing rate was 2-3 hours after the morning light.In the economic belt on the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang，the low temperature and low light in solar greenhouse led to slow crop growthin winter.A large amount of heat energy need to be added for safe overwinter production，which led to the increase of production energy consumption and cost.Based on the study of microclimate change in greenhouse，effective energy consumption control strategy should be adopted.Under the premise of satisfying crop growth，energy consumption could be minimized to reduce production costs and improve the annual utilization rate of greenhouse.
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备注/Memo
第一作者简介：董远德（1979-），男，硕士，讲师，现主要从事设施农业与农产品收获及初加工等研究工作。E-mail：516159182@qq.com.责任作者：周伟（1976-），女，博士，副教授，现主要从事设施农业与农业物联网等研究工作。E-mail：310420148@qq.com.基金项目：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上资助项目（2021D01A85）。收稿日期：2022-02-25