QIN Chengcheng,WEI Dan,JIN Liang,et al.Effects of Organic and Inorganic Combined Application on Soil Nutrients，Tomato Yield and Quality[J].Northern Horticulture,2022,(06):89-91.[doi:10.11937/bfyy.20213494]
有机无机肥配施对设施土壤耕层养分、番茄产量和品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Organic and Inorganic Combined Application on Soil Nutrients，Tomato Yield and Quality
- Keywords:
- tomato; production; quality; soil nutrients; combination application of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 以“粉红太郎”番茄为试材，设置了有机肥（M）和化肥（NPK）分别单施及化肥减量配施有机肥(1/2NPK＋1/2M)3个施肥处理，研究了不同处理对北京房山设施番茄产量、品质及耕层土壤养分的影响，以期为设施番茄科学的高产施肥模式提供参考依据。结果表明：1）1/2NPK＋1/2M处理下番茄收获产量表现最佳，与NPK和M处理相比，产量分别提高2.80%和8.59%。2）与NPK处理相比，1/2NPK＋1/2M处理相关番茄品质指标有不同程度改善，可溶性糖和维生素C含量分别显著增加了41.75%和61.06%；可滴定酸和硝酸盐含量分别显著降低27.08%和19.43%。3）1/2NPK＋1/2M处理改善了耕层土壤理化性质，相比NPK处理，有机无机配施在化肥减量50%情况下显著提升了土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量，增幅分别为42.72%、7.87%、26.31%和10.54%。4）番茄产量与耕层土壤中的有效磷、碱解氮与品质指标可溶性固形物呈显著正相关；与可滴定酸呈极显著负相关。综上，化肥减量配施有机肥可显著改善土壤理化性质，同时一定程度保证番茄产量和品质，适用于设施番茄施用的施肥模式，有助于实现高产设施土壤培肥和京郊设施蔬菜的可持续发展。
- Abstract:
- Taking tomato variety ‘Pink taro’ as the test material,different fertilization treatments included organic fertilizer (M)，chemical fertilizer (NPK)，and chemical fertilizer reduced by 50% combined with organic material (1/2NPK+1/2M) were set.The effects of different fertilization treatments on yield,quality and soil nutrients of greenhouse tomato in Beijing Fangshan experiment station,in order to provide reference for scientific high-yield fertilization mode of greenhouse tomato.The results showed that,1) the harvest yield of tomato was the highest under 1/2NPK+1/2M treatment，which increased by 2.80% and 8.59% compared with NPK and M treatment，respectively.2) Compared with NPK treatment，1/2NPK+1/2M treatment improved tomato quality indexes in different degrees.On the one hand，the contents of soluble sugar and vitamin C increased significantly by 41.75% and 61.06%，respectively.On the other hand，the contents of titratable acid and nitrate were significantly reduced by 27.08% and 19.43%，respectively.3) Compared with NPK treatment，physical and chemical properties of topsoil under 1/2NPK+1/2M treatment were improved by way of increasing the contents of soil organic matter，total nitrogen，alkali-hydrolable nitrogen and available potassium by 42.72%，7.87%，26.31% and 10.54%，respectively，under the 50% reduction of chemical fertilizer.4) Correlation analysis showed that significant positive correlations were observed between tomato yield and indexes such as available phosphorus，alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in topsoil and soluble solid.Tomato yield was marginally correlated with titratable acid.In summary，50% reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure could significantly improve soil physical and chemical properties，and be a guarantee of tomato yield and quality to a certain extent，which was a recommended fertilization mode for greenhouse tomato application，and was conducive to the realization of high-yield greenhouse soil fertilization and to sustainable development of vegetables industries in Beijing suburbs.
参考文献/References:
[1]李天来.我国设施蔬菜科技与产业发展现状及趋势[J].中国农村科技,2016(5),75-77.[2]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴(2020)[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2020.[3]李世楠.我国设施蔬菜产业发展现状与未来发展趋势探讨[J].中国林副特产,2019(1):84-85.[4]郭文龙,党菊香,吕家珑,等.不同年限蔬菜大棚土壤性质演变与施肥问题的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(1)：85-89.[5]周建斌,翟丙年,陈竹君,等.西安市郊区日光温室大棚番茄施肥现状及土壤养分累积特性[J].土壤通报,2006,37(2)：287-290.[6]PANGLE R E,SEDER J.Influence of seedling roots，environmental factors and soil characteristics on soil CO2 efflux rates in a 2-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in the Virginia Piedmont[J].Environmental Pollution,2002,116(3):585-596.[7]闵炬,施卫明,王俊儒.不同施氮水平对大棚蔬菜氮磷钾养分吸收及土壤养分含量的影响[J].土壤,2008,40(26):226-231.[8]陶磊,褚贵新,刘涛,等.有机肥替代部分化肥对长期连作棉田产量、土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6137-6146.[9]姜蓉,徐智,汤利,等.不同有机无机配施比例对设施菊花土壤养分性状的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2016,31(3):504-510.[10]黄绍文,唐继伟,李春花,等.我国蔬菜化肥减施潜力与科学施用对策[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(6):1480-1493.[11]喻景权.“十一五”我国设施蔬菜生产和科技进展及其展望[J].中国蔬菜,2011(2):11-23.[12]HERNANDEZ T,CHOCANO C,MORENO J L,et al.Towards a more sustainable fertilization:Combined use of compost and inorganic fertilization for tomato cultivation[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2014,196:178-184.[13]郝丽娜,吴海华,刘廷,等.有机肥在农业和生态环境中的作用演变[J].农业研究与应用,2017(2):57-60，74.[14]刘羚慧.有机-无机肥料配施对大白菜产量及品质的影响[D].哈尔滨：东北农业大学,2013.[15]王子宁.氨基酸肥料与化肥配施对设施番茄产量与品质及氮素效应的研究[D].沈阳：沈阳农业大学,2018.[16]刘长旭,张静,张云霞,等.化肥减量条件下配施有机肥对设施番茄产量和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2021,53(2):79-82.[17]温延臣,张曰东,袁亮,等.商品有机肥替代化肥对作物产量和土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(11):2136-2142.[18]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M]．北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.[20]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000.[21]景国安,刘玉群,宋筱英.2,6-二氯酚靛酚测定果蔬还原型抗坏血酸方法的改进[J].食品工业,1991(4):42-43.[22]赵世杰,刘华山,董新纯.植物生理学试验指导[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,1998.[23]罗雪华,蔡秀娟.紫外分光光度法测定蔬菜硝酸盐含量[J].华南热带农业大学学报,2004(1):13-16.[24]姜克伟,须晖,李天来,等.日光温室番茄长季节栽培定植密度和温室部位与产量产值的相关性[J].安徽农业科学,2007(16):4801-4803.[25]宋雅欣,马茂亭,安志装,等.有机无机肥料配施对大棚辣椒与番茄产量及品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(2):211-216.[26]贺会强，陈凯利，邹志荣，等.不同施肥水平对日光温室番茄产量和品质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)，2012，40(7):135-140.[27]梁玉芹,董畔,宋炳彦,等.肥料减施对设施番茄产量和品质的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2017,40(1):21-24，53.[28]何翠,刘晓宇,侯伟娜,等.无机肥配施有机肥对黄淮地区越冬茬番茄产量和品质的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2013,47(6):677-682.[29]唐宇.化肥减施条件下配施生物有机肥对番茄生长及其土壤的影响[D].乌鲁木齐：新疆大学,2019.[30]闫佳会,张广楠,杜中平.有机肥替代化肥对土壤养分及甘蓝产量、品质的影响[J].青海大学学报,2021,39(3):55-60.[31]姜玲玲,刘静,赵同科,等.有机无机配施对番茄产量和品质影响的Meta分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2019,25(4):601-610.[32]孙晓,姜学玲,崔玉明,等.有机肥替代对设施番茄产量、品质与土壤性质的影响[J].中国瓜菜,2021,34(4):46-52.[33]奚雅静，刘东阳，汪俊玉，等．有机肥部分替代化肥对温室番茄土壤N2O排放的影响[J]．中国农业科学，2019,52(20):3625-3636.[34]赵长盛,胡承孝,黄魏.华中地区两种典型菜地土壤中氮素的矿化特征研究[J]．土壤,2013,45(1):41-45．[35]FENG Y,CHEN R,HU J,et al.Bacillus asahii comes to the fore in organic manure fertilized alkaline soils[J].Soil Biology Biochemistry,2015,81:186-194．[36]解开治，徐培智，张仁陟，等.化肥减量技术的可行性分析[J].广东农业科学，2007(5)：55-58.[37]文静,张杰,李家慧.化肥减量生物有机复合肥对莴笋产量和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2017(4):151-155.[38]杨静,张俊鹏,仝玉琴,等.有机肥与化肥配施对大棚叶菜产量及品质的影响[J].中国瓜菜,2020,33(9):50-53.[39]罗俊,林兆里,李诗燕,等.不同土壤改良措施对机械压实酸化蔗地土壤理化性质及微生物群落结构的影响[J].作物学报,2020,46(4):596-613.[40]刘建霞,马理,李博文,等.不同种植年限黄瓜温室土壤理化性质的变化规律[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(5):164-168.[41]冯海萍,程彦弟.生物有机肥配施化肥对宁南山区露地娃娃菜生长及土壤养分的影响[J].中国瓜菜,2020,33(12):66-70.[42]谭福雷.长期定位施肥对设施番茄土壤理化性质、微生物、产量及品质的影响[D].沈阳：沈阳农业大学,2016.[43]宋春雨,张兴义,刘晓冰,等.土壤有机质对土壤肥力与作物生产力的影响[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2008,24(3)：357-362.[44]唐宇,包慧芳,詹发强,等.化肥减施条件下配施生物有机肥对番茄生长及品质的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2019,56(5):841-854.
相似文献/References:
[1]周剑,李天来,刘义玲,等.雾培对网纹甜瓜生长和产量及品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(04):16.
[2]吴晓燕,张丽荣,马建华,等.一种新型微生物制剂对设施番茄土壤微生物数量的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(04):42.
[3]刘配军,李景富,许向阳,等.番茄hp1和dg基因高效检测体系的建立[J].北方园艺,2013,37(04):99.
[4]王晓娥,李建国,赵姝荣,等.咸阳市设施番茄根结线虫病的发生与防治[J].北方园艺,2013,37(04):133.
[5]谷婧玥,李景富,许向阳,等.番茄不同果穗间品质性状差异性研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(12):26.
GU Jing-yue,LI Jing-fu,XU Xiang-yang,et al.Study on Tomato’s Quality and Traits at Different Tassel[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(06):26.
[6]吕 涛,于 杰,赵 勇.日光温室越冬栽培番茄适宜品种筛选试验[J].北方园艺,2014,38(12):40.
LV Tao,YU Jie,ZHAO Yong.Selection of Overwintering Tomato Varieties Suitable for Solar Greenhouse in Heilongjiang[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(06):40.
[7]李美芹,裴华丽,乔 宁,等.TYLCV外壳蛋白基因植物表达载体构建及转化番茄的研究[J].北方园艺,2014,38(12):84.
LI Mei-qin,PEI Hua-li,QIAO Ning,et al.Study on the Construction of Plant Expression Vector of TYLCV-CP Gene and Its Transferring Into Tomato[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(06):84.
[8]李文枫,李景富,许向阳.不同hp基因类型番茄中番茄红素与主要品质性状的差异及相关分析[J].北方园艺,2014,38(13):97.
LI Wen-feng,LI Jing-fu,XU Xiang-yang.Correlation and Difference Analysis Between Lycopene Content and Main Quality Characters of Tomato with Different hp Gene Types[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(06):97.
[9]杨 启,马茂亭,赵丽平,等.不同施氮处理对芸豆产量和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(13):176.
YANG Qi,MA Mao-ting,ZHAO Li-ping,et al.Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Treatments on Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Kidney Bean[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(06):176.
[10]杨小梅,王海亭.高寒地区番茄不同栽培密度对产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(11):40.
YANG Xiao-mei,WANG Hai-ting.Effect of Different Planting Density on the Yield of Tomato in Alpine Region[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(06):40.
[11]张 浩,李福云,徐志然,等.不同套作模式对温室连作番茄生长产量及土壤微生物与酶活性的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(13):46.
ZHANG Hao,LI Fu-yun,XU Zhi-ran,et al.Effects of Different Relay Intercropping Patterns on Continuous Cropping Tomato Growth，Yield and Soil Microflora and Enzymes Activities in Solar Greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(06):46.
[12]杨会芳,梁新安,常介田,等.叶面喷施硒肥对不同蔬菜硒富集及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(11):158.
YANG Hui-fang,LIANG Xin-an,CHANG Jie-tian,et al.Effects of Foliar Spraying of Selenium Fertilizer on Selenium Enrichment of Different Vegetables and Yield[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(06):158.
[13]肖庆红,马 倩,张 燕,等.S-诱抗素和新奥霉素在日光温室番茄栽培上的应用研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(22):53.
XIAO Qing-hong,MA Qian,ZHANG Yan,et al.Study on S-auxin and Xinaomycin in Tomato Cultivation in Solar Greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(06):53.
[14]李 宁,王龙昌,郭文忠,等.不同二氧化碳浓度与栽培方式对番茄生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(01):6.
LI Ning,WANG Long-chang,GUO Wen-zhong,et al.Effects of Different Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Cultivation Methods on Growth of Tomato[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(06):6.
[15]魏保国,王明友.生物菌肥对设施连作番茄生长及产量和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(02):172.
WEI Bao-guo,WANG Ming-you.Effects of Bacterial Manure on Growth，Yield and Quality of Protected Tomato with Continuous Cropping[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(06):172.
[16]佘 新,钟辉丽,曹 凯,等.不同配比有机基质对番茄生长及品质和产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(18):9.
SHE Xin,ZONG Hui-li,CAO Kai,et al.Effect of Different Ratios of Organic Substrates on Growth,Fruit Quality and Yield of Tomato[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(06):9.
[17]徐琼华,王国伟,徐峥嵘.有机无土栽培配施氮磷钾与番茄产量数学模型的研究[J].北方园艺,2013,37(18):12.
XU Qiong-hua,WANG Guo-wei,XU Zheng-rong.Study on A Mathematical Model for the Relationship Between Amounts of N,P,K Application and Tomato Yield in Eco-organic Soilless Culture[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(06):12.
[18]诸海焘,蔡树美,余廷园,等.肥料添加剂对番茄产量和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,37(15):191.
ZHU Hai-tao,CAI Shu-mei,YU Ting-yuan,et al.Effects of Fertilizer Additive on Yield and Quality of Tomato[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(06):191.
[19]孟阿静,马彦茹,杨新华,等.微生物菌肥对温室番茄产量和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2014,38(07):169.
MENG A-jing,MA Yan-ru,YANG Xin-hua,et al.Effect of Microbial Fertilizer Applied on Yield and Quality of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,38(06):169.
[20]解艳玲,杜军,沈振荣,等.生物农药脱落酸和寡糖在番茄上的应用[J].北方园艺,2013,37(10):121.
XIE Yan-ling,DU Jun,SHEN Zhen-rong,et al.Application of Bio pesticides ABA and Oligosaccharides on Tomato[J].Northern Horticulture,2013,37(06):121.
备注/Memo
第一作者简介：秦程程（1996-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为农业资源利用。E-mail：qinchengcheng1996@163.com.责任作者：魏丹（1965-），女，博士，研究员，现主要从事土壤改良等研究工作。E-mail：wd2087@163.com.基金项目：国家重点研发计划资助项目（2019YFD1100304-3）；北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项资助项目（KJCX20200801,KJCX20190408）；联合国开发计划署（UNDP）资助项目（cpr/19/401）；中国科学院先导科技专项资助项目（XDA28010101）。收稿日期：2021-08-24